Adsorption, distribution, metabolism excretion

The partition coefficient and aqueous solubility are properties important for the study of the adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-Tox) of drugs. The prediction of the ADME-Tox properties of drug candidates has recently attracted much interest because these properties account for the failure of about 60 % of all drug candidates in the clinical phases. The prediction of these properties in an early phase of the drug development process could therefore lead to significant savings in research and development costs. 

ADMET adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity... 

Key words PGVL Hub, combinatorial chemistry, library design, reaction, synthesis protocol, reactant, product, enumeration, filtering, Chkl, kinase, inhibitor, SAR, ADME T (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity), selectivity, solubility, protein-ligand complex. 

Abbreviations ADME, Adsorption distribution metabolism excretion CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid PAMPA, Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. 

The present chapter will focus on one part of early ADME (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) strategy the absorption and efflux screening. 

An ongoing task for all organ-like cell culture devices will be to demonstrate enhanced predictivity of drug effects (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity = ADMET) in comparison to existing in vivo and in vitro assays. 

Toxicokinetics (driven by adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, or ADME) is the primary determinant of differences in body burden, target tissue... 

Gonod. J.W. and J. Wahren Nicotine and Related Alkaloids. Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion, Chapman Hall. New York, NY, 1993. 

ADME studies (adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)... 

ADME/Tox (adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion/toxicology). Such characterisation will allow prioritisation of HTS hits and thus, enhance the chance of focusing on the chemotypes that may have a lower attrition rate in the later stage of development. 

The pre-clinical drug development process has as its end product a drug candidate that is suitable for testing in human clinical trials. To achieve this, the candidate must pass pre-clinical toxicology testing, have its adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion understood in suitable animal models, and have good scientific evidence that it will provide medicinally beneficial effects. The latter normally requires showing efficacy in animal models of the disease. The early phase discovery process has usually... 

As far cis is technically possible, details of the adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the active substances are to be incorporated into the submission. If this is not done, reasons must be given. 

The materials are not readily absorbed from the skin or gastrointestinal tract. The specifics of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion vary with the individual surfactants hence further generalization is unwarranted. 

No human or animal studies were found on adsorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of titanium tetrachloride. Because of the nature of titanium tetrachloride, it is suggested that the major route of exposure is via inhalation, with the lungs as the major target organ. Dermal exposure can also result where accidental spills have occurred. It has been shown that titanium dioxide was present in the lungs of workers occupationally exposed to titanium tetrachloride. 

ADME/PK = adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion / pharmacokinetic IR = infrared spectroscopy PDA = photodiode array detector NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance ELSD = evaporative light scattering detector ECD = electrochemical detector. 

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