Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Toxicokinetics (driven by adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, or ADME) is the primary determinant of differences in body burden, target tissue... 

Gonod. J.W. and J. Wahren Nicotine and Related Alkaloids. Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion, Chapman Hall. New York, NY, 1993. 

ADME studies (adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)... 

ADME/Tox (adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion/toxicology). Such characterisation will allow prioritisation of HTS hits and thus, enhance the chance of focusing on the chemotypes that may have a lower attrition rate in the later stage of development. 

The pre-clinical drug development process has as its end product a drug candidate that is suitable for testing in human clinical trials. To achieve this, the candidate must pass pre-clinical toxicology testing, have its adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion understood in suitable animal models, and have good scientific evidence that it will provide medicinally beneficial effects. The latter normally requires showing efficacy in animal models of the disease. The early phase discovery process has usually... 

As far cis is technically possible, details of the adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the active substances are to be incorporated into the submission. If this is not done, reasons must be given. 

The materials are not readily absorbed from the skin or gastrointestinal tract. The specifics of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion vary with the individual surfactants hence further generalization is unwarranted. 

ADME/PK = adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion / pharmacokinetic IR = infrared spectroscopy PDA = photodiode array detector NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance ELSD = evaporative light scattering detector ECD = electrochemical detector. 

Fig. 3.1 Stairway to drug discovery. The drug discovery process as modeled here is not necessarily a linear process. Novel potential biopharmaceuticals (e.g., siRNAs) used in early steps of target identification and validation can, in principle, skip the next steps and be tested directly in ADME/tox-icity studies (see Part VI11, Chapter 4). ADM E, Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion HTS, high-throughput screening.

Figure 4.10 The pharmacokinetics of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug or contrast agent. (Reproduced with permission from M. X. Yu and J. Zheng, ACS Nano, 2015,9, 6655. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society.) ...

Since drug delivery is the process by which a drug leaves a drug product and is subjected to adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), eventually becoming available for pharmacological action hence drug release is described in several ways as follows. 

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