Adolescents measurements

Antidepressant medications appear to be useful for certain children and adolescents, particularly those who have severe or psychotic depression, fail psychotherapeutic measures, or experience chronic or recurrent depression. SSRIs generally are considered the initial antidepressants of choice, although comorbid conditions may favor alternative agents. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of behavioral activation with the SSRIs, including such symptoms as impulsivity, silliness, daring conduct, and agitation.44 Desipramine should be used with caution in this population because of several reports of sudden death, and a baseline and follow-up electrocardiogram (ECG) may be warranted when this medication is used to treat pediatric patients.9... 

Dysmenorrhea is very common in adolescent females. Any of the treatment measures discussed earlier for other patients... 

Brown, S. A., Myers, M. G., Lippke, L., Tapert, S. F., Stewart, D. G., Vik, P. W. (1998). Psychometric evaluation of the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (CDDR) A measure of adolescent alcohol and drug involvement. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 427M38. 

Stinchfield, R., Winters, K. C. (1997). Measuring change in adolescent drug misuse with the Personal Experiences Inventory (PEI). Substance Use and Misuse, 32, 63-76. 

Data have been collected from several studies completed at the University of Nebraska to further investigate calcium-fat or calcium-fat-fiber interactions possibly influencing calcium utilization. In one study, 15 adolescent boys were fed measured, laboratory-controlled diets based on ordinary foods containing 886 mg of calcium and 12 g of dietary fiber from mixed sources per day. 

Inoff-Germain, G., Arnold, G. S., Nottelmann, E. D., Susman, E. J., Cutler, G. B., Jr., and Chrousos, G. P. 1988. Relations between hormone levels and observational measures of aggressive behavior of young adolescents in family interactions. Developmental Psychology 24 129-139. 

The ethological underpinnings of behavior and affect were examined using interviews and self-report measures on 170 adolescents. This exploratory study emphasizes the... 

It is commonly supposed that neuroanatomical variations such as we have been considering have little or no functional significance. However, the Schneider Index, a measure of "neuro-circulatory efficiency" or "anatomic efficiency," was found to vary in 75 adolescent girls and boys from 0 to 14, when 18 is the highest possible score. The efficiency scores were so distributed that about equal numbers were in three groups 0 to 6, 7 to 10, and 11 to... 

Miller et 1988 n = 12 adolescents S. n = 6 n = 6 Age 10-17 years Treatments in randomized order with 3-week washout period 1. 250-mg elemental Ca as CaCOs (enriched with Ca) Compare CaAbs for CCM versus CaCOa using dual isotope mettiod using a crossover design and measured urinary isotope ratio after 24 h Mean FxAbs SEM results 1. CCM 36.2 2.7% (range 27.3-53.3%) 2. CaC03 26.4 2J2% (range 12.8-39.6%) Ctest for FxAbs difference CCM > CaCOa (p <. 03)... 

Bone mineral density (BMD) measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the current standard method by which to assess BMD in children and adolescents (Loud and Gordon, 2006). It has some limitations in that it only measures bone in two dimensions (g/cm ) and by utilizing the projected area for areal measurements does not account for bone volume or distance of the subject from the beam [i.e., surrounding tissue mass and (re)positioning]. Moreover, the continuous changes in... 

Clinical trials have been reported, and these are not subject to the same levels of uncertainty. They have concentrated on bone mineral density, because this parameter is an acceptable measure of bone mass, is sensitive to the occurrence of osteoporosis and correlates well with the likelihood of bone fracture in patients affected by osteoporosis. Bone mineral density is known to increase in childhood and adolescence, to reach a maximum around the age of 40, then to decline [110,111]. In women in the years immediately following the menopause, it may sharply reduce, and if it reaches a level TA standard deviations below the young adult mean value, the condition is defined by the WHO as osteoporosis [110,111]. 

As discussed previously, hippocampal-volume assessments have not been obtained in children and adolescents with primary affective disorders. De Beilis and colleagues (1999) conducted structural MRI assessments in a cohort of 44 children and adolescents with PTSD, about half of whom also met criteria for MDD. Unlike in studies of adults with PTSD or MDD (Brem-ner et ah, 1995 1997, 2000), no hippocampal volume reductions were found. Given the demonstrated importance of recurrence and total duration of illness on hippocampal-volume measures in adult studies, this finding is not surprising. 

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