Admixtures estimating

Hanis, C.L., et al., "Individual Admixture Estimates Disease Associations and Individual Risk of Diabetes and Gallbladder Disease among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas," Am.. Phys. Anthropol., 70, 433U-41 (1986). 

Estimation of Other Alkaloids in Opium. Of the other alkaloids the most important is codeine, and processes for its estimation in opium have been described by Cespari, Andrews,and Annett and co-workers methods for its assay in admixture with other drugs in tablets and other products are also available. The estimation of papaverine has been described by Issekutz,i and of narcotine by Snesarov. As to methods for the separation and estimation of two or more of these subsidiary alkaloids, codeine and narcotine have been dealt with by van der Widen,narcotine and papaverine by Annett and Bose, ( and the bromination of codeine and narceine has been studied by Vaisberg et al. with a view to estimation by this means. 

However, although f f transitions are, in principle, forbidden by the Laporte parity rule, most of the transitions in (RE) + ions occur at the electric dipole (ED) order. As we have already mentioned, this is an ED allowance due to the admixture of the 4f" states with opposite parity excited states 4f" 5d, as a result of the lack of inversion symmetry (ED forced transitions). The oscillator strength, /, for a / f absorption band can be estimated using expression (5.19). We now rewrite this expression as follows ... 

In the Pacific Ocean, most of the waters at 2500 m have a prefiormed phosphate concentration intermediate between NADW and AABW. Because preformed phosphate is a conservative tracer, it can be used to estimate the proportions of NADW and AABW present in the deep zones of the ocean basins. The average deep-water preformed phosphate concentration is 1.4 (jlM. This concentration would result from an equal-volume admixture of NADW and AABW. This conservative mixing estimate is based on the assumption that the preformed phosphate concentrations of the end-member water masses have remained constant over time scales at least as long as the mixing time of the ocean. 

In addition to these three major methods mentioned, several other computational approaches can also be used to deal with population stratification. For example, ADMIXMAP (22-26) is a model-based method that estimates the individual history of admixture. It can be applied to an admixed population with two or more ancestral populations. It also tests the association of a trait with ancestry at a marker locus with control for population structure. Wu et al. developed a software package in R (PSMIX) for the inference of population stratification and admixture (27). PSMIX is based on the maximum likelihood method. It performs as well as model-based methods such as STRUCTURE and is more computationally efficient. 

Mckeigue, P.M., Carpenter, J., Parra, E.J., and Shriver, M.D. (2000) Estimation of admixture and detection of linkage in admixed populations by a Bayesian approach application to African-American populations. Ann. Hum. Genet. 64, 171-186. 

In the absence of knowledge of the surface area of cement hydrates available for adsorption at the time of addition, it is difficult to estimate how many layers of water-reducing admixture molecules are adsorbed, but attempts have been made [40] indicating that over 100 layers may be formed with calcium lignosulfonate and salicylic acid at normal levels of addition. However, these calculations were based on specific surface areas of 0.3-1.0 m g-l, whereas other studies [27, 38, 39] have indicated... 

Air-entraining water-reducing admixtures require special consideration the presence of entrained air leads to a reduction in compressive strength, whilst the water reduction results in a compensatory increase in strength. The effect can be quantified, however, by considering the amount of entrained air in terms of an equivalent volume of water to calculate the (air and water)-cement ratio. This new factor can be used to estimate the expected strength from Fig. 1.37. 

In estimating the economy that ensues by the use of an admixture, changes in mix composition of a unit volume of concrete and also the cost of... 

This reaction was applied (with various modifications) to the estimation of corticosteroids in pharmaceutical preparations [78, 79], and also for the estimation of hydrocortisone and cortisone in admixtures of the two [80]. 

Umapathi et al. used spectrofluorimetric methods for the estimation of aspirin and dipyridamole in pure admixtures and in dosage forms [36]. The methods are described for the determination of the two drugs in pharmaceutical preparation without prior separation from each other... 

One parameter, the kinetic energy of bovine spermatozoa motion (arbitrary units) in a viscous medium (standard cryo-protecting medium after a freeze-thaw cycle) was chosen to estimate bio-activity (Figure 2). Data corresponding to the admixture of nanocomposites (l)-(4) from Table 1 were measured using DLS in compared with the control cell suspension, and averaged over a wide concentration range of nanocomposite admixture. 

Figure 3. Estimated protecting action of nanocomposite admixture to donor blood (samples 1-4 in Table 1). Discocytes/ghosts ratio was chosen as an index of the protecting effect of the nanocomposite (a) direct measurement and (b) specific protecting activity with respect to the amounts of adsorbed sugar.

Polysaccharides. Part XXVIII. The End-group Method as Applied to Starch. An Improved Method for the Estimation of Tetramethyl Glucose in Admixture with Trimethyl Glucose, E. L. Hirst and G. T. Young, J. Chem. Soc., 1247 (1938). 

The calculation of phase composition from bulk analysis for cements presents no special difficulties if the content and composition of the gypsum and any other admixture are known, as the analysis can then readily be corrected to give the composition of the clinker. If they are not known, an assumption must be made as to the amount of SOj in the clinker, so that the contribution of the gypsum to the CaO content of the cement may be estimated. Further assumptions and corrections may have to be made to allow for impurities in the gypsum or other additives (e.g. calcite). 

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