Polymer adipate-containing

Nonionic Diesters. The homologous series of diesters from oxalate to sebacate were individually substituted for the succinate moiety in Polymer I. With the exception of the malonate- and adipate-containing polymers, the resulting polymers displayed very low peel strengths. The bond strengths of the malonate- and adipate-containing polymers were almost equal to that of Polymer I as shown in Figure 4. 

More complicated pyrolysis process occurs for poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate]. This polymer contains two types of C-0 bonds that can be cleaved by pyrolysis. The results for a Py-GC/MS analysis of a poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate] sample are shown in Figure 10.1.4. The polymer has CAS 9010-98-3 and the idealized formula [-0CH2CH20CH2CH202C(CH2)4C0-]n. The pyrolysis, separation, and peak identification were done similarly to the other examples previously discussed (see Table 4.2.2). The results of peak identification are given in Table 10.1.4. 

Polymer characterization is an important use of NIR spectrometry. Polymers can be made either from a single monomer, as is polyethylene, or from mixtures of monomers, as are styrene-butadiene rubber from styrene and butadiene and nylon 6-6, made from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. An important parameter of such copolymers is the relative amount of each present. This can be determined by NIR for polymers with the appropriate functional groups. Styrene content in a styrene-butadiene copolymer can be measured using the aromatic and aliphatic C—H bands. Nylon can be characterized by the NH band from the amine monomer and the C=0 band from the carboxylic acid monomer. Nitrogen-containing polymers such as nylons, polyurethanes, and urea formaldehyde resins can be measured by using the NH bands. Block copolymers, which are typically made of a soft block of polyester and a hard block containing aromatics, for example, polystyrene, have been analyzed by NIR. These analyses have utilized the... 

Add 10 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid cautiously to 45 ml. of water contained in a 200 ml. round-bottomed flask, introduce 3 g. of Nylon 66 polymer into the hot solution, and heat under reflux for 6 hours. Allow to stand for 1 hour and cool in ice for a further hour. Filter off the solid and keep the filtrate. Recrystalhse the sohd (adipic acid) from water m.p. 152°. 

Nylons are classified into two categories AB and AABB polymers. Molecules of the AB type consist of repeat units that contain a single amide group, such as nylon 6, which is illustrated in Fig. 23.2 a). Molecules of the AABB type consist of repeat units that contain two amide groups, such as nylon 66 (pronounced nylon six six ), which is illustrated in Fig. 23.2 b). Type AB nylons are made from a single monomer, such as caprolactam, which is shown in Fig. 23,3 a). We make type AABB nylons from diamines and diacids, such as adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine, which are shown in Fig. 23.3 b) and c), respectively. 

The following protocols make use of the compounds adipic acid dihydrazide and carbohy-drazide to derivatize molecules containing aldehydes, carboxylates, and alkylphosphates. The protocols are applicable for the modification of proteins, including enzymes, soluble polymers such as dextrans and poly-amino acids, and insoluble polymers used as micro-carriers or chromatographic supports. 

Nylon-66 is made by the condensation polymerization of the dicarboxylic acid adipic acid, and 1,6-diaminohexane, an amine. (The number 66 comes from the fact that each of the two reactants contains six carbon atoms.) This reaction results in the formation of amide bonds between monomers, as shown in Figure 2.13. Condensation polymers that contain amide bonds are called nylons or polyamides. Condensation polymers that contain ester bonds are called polyesters. Polyesters result from the esterification of diacids and dialcohols. 

Hydroxy-terminated polyester (HTPS) is made from diethylene glycol and adipic acid, and hydroxy-terminated polyether (HTPE) is made from propylene glycol. Hydroxy-terminated polyacetylene (HTPA) is synthesized from butynediol and paraformaldehyde and is characterized by acetylenic triple bonds. The terminal OH groups of these polymers are cured with isophorone diisocyanate. Table 4.3 shows the chemical properties of typical polymers and prepolymers used in composite propellants and explosives.E4 All of these polymers are inert, but, with the exception of HTPB, contain relatively high oxygen contents in their molecular structures. 

Following hydrogenation over palladium on carbon(33), dimethyl adipate hydrolysis to adipic acid is carried out using a strong mineral acid such as sulfuric acid. Hydrolysis is nearly quantitative with a selectivity of 99.5%. Since the adipic acid from the oxycarbonylation process contains no branched by-product acids, as is the case with the commercial oxidation process, extensive recrystallization is not required to produce a polymer grade material. Results indicate that the dried adipic acid crystals contain less than. 5 weight % moisture and are 99.95 weight % pure on a dry basis. 

Polyamides are polymers that contain the amide group and are produced, by, for example, polymerization reaction of adipic acid and hexamethyl-enediamine (HMDA). Nylon 6,6 (so-called because each of the raw material chains contains six carbon atoms) was the first all-synthetic fiber made commercially. 

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