Adhesion -fundamental and practical

Vasenin, R.M., Adhesion, Fundamentals and Practice. McLaren and Son, London, 1969. 

Dalhquist, C.A., Adhesion fundamentals and practice. Proceedings of Nottingham Conference on Adhesion. McLaren, London, 1966. 

Perry, H. A., Room Temperature Setting Adhesive for Metals and Plastics, Adhesion and Adhesive Fundamentals and Practice, J. E. Rutzler and R. L. Savage, eds., Society of Chemical Industry, London, 1954. 

Adhesion and Adhesives Fundamentals and Practice, Society of Chemical Industry, London, and Wiley, New York, 1954. 

R. M. Vasenin, in Adhesion Fundamentals and Practice, MacLaren, UK Ministry of Technology, London, 1969, p.29. 

Sources Derjaguin, B.V. and Smilga, V.P., Adhesion Fundamentals and Practice, McLaren, London, U.K., 1%9 Chickering, D.E. and Mathiowitz, E., Definitions, mechanisms, and theories of bioadhesion, in Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems Fundamentals, Novel Approaches, and Development, Mathiowitz, E., Chickering, D.E., and Lehr, C.M., Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999. 

Dahlquist, C.A., Tack. In Adhesion Fundamentals and Practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1970, pp. 143-152. 

Many different measures may be used to specify this fundamental adhesion. It may be expressed in terms of forces or in terms of energies. Again, depending on the context, these may be forces or energies of attachment or else of detachment. Sometimes values of fundamental adhesion can be calculated from a theoretical model (see Electrostatic theory of adhesion, Good-Girifalco interaction parameter) occasionally, they may be deduced from experimental measurement (see Adhesion-fundamental and practical) for many practical adhesive bonds, they are not available by either route. 

Adhesion is a subject with many important practical applications. The practical properties of an adhesive bond are a consequence of the bonding between the atoms and molecules involved (Adhesion fundamental and practical). Much of the theory of adhesion that can give an insight of practical importance makes use of concepts used in chemistry when discussing bonding between atoms and molecules. The distinction is widely made between strong primary bonds between atoms and weak secondary bonds between molecules. This article gives a brief explanation of terms commonly used for both. 

Knowledge of interfacial tensions is of interest because of their direct theoretical and (less direct) practical relationship to adhesion (see Adsorption theory of adhesion, Peel tests, Adhesion - fundamental and practical). Three somewhat different approaches to estimating interfacial tensions by Eqn. 2 are commonly found in discussions... 

Fig. 1. Comparison of destructive shear strength tests on laminates with the predicted strengths using a Fokker bond tester. A series of laminates is represented where the adherend thickness t varies as follows ( ), t = 0.6 mm (O), t = 0.8 mm (x), f = 1.0 mm (-h), f = 1.2 mm (A), t = 1.5 mm. To construct this standard plot, 120 specimens of Dural 2024-T3 were used 95% of all results are within the range 0.36 kg mm . (From R J Schliekelmann, Non-destructive testing of adhesively bonded joints, in Adhesion, Fundamentals and Practice, McClaren, London, 1966)...

Some of these points are developed in the article Adhesion - fundamental and practical. 

The relation between Roughness of surfaces and adhesion is complex practical adhesion sometimes decreases, bnt may increase, as surface roughness gets greater (Adhesion - fundamental and practical). 

It must further be remembered that Go will often be coupled to the other loss terms rf (see Adhesion - fundamental and practical). This means that even a modest absolute increase in Go may lead to a much larger increase in fracture energy G. 

For components made by in-vulcanization bonding, the quality of the bond formed (the adhesion - see Adhesion - fundamental and practical) depends not just on the nature... 

In early work on the test, it was argued that the critical load was determined only by the properties of the interface, the radius of the stylus and the hardness of the substrate. On this basis, the scratch test would give a measure of fundamental adhesion (see Adhesion - fundamental and practical). However, there are many reports of dependency on the thickness and mechanical properties of the thin film, even several of those upon which supposedly similar styluses were used. 

The study of fundamental adhesion has been hampered because standard Tests of adhesion provide a result that is a complicated combination of fundamental adhesion, the physical properties of the adherend and the viscoelastic/plastic character of the adhesive (see Adhesion - fundamental and practical, Peel tests). Our understanding of adhesion has been significantly improved with the advent of mechanical devices that are able to probe the forces of adhesion under conditions that minimize all of the confounding effects of adherend, viscoelasticity, and so on. The Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) as developed by Israelachvili and Tabor is a mechanical device that has allowed adhesion scientists to directly measure the forces of adhesion under very low rate, light loading, almost equilibrium conditions. Attention is also drawn to Atomic force microscopy. 

Energy loss through viscoelastic dissipation usually contributes to the fracture energy of an adhesive bond sometimes that contribution is dominant. Adhesives are often designed to operate in the regions where viscoelastic losses (tan 5) are high. Further discussion can be found under Adhesion - fundamental and practical. Peel tests and Tensile tests see also Creep and Durability creep rupture. 

The viscoelastic contribution to the fractnre energy in an adhesion test is, in principle, rate and temperatnre-dependent. Where this contribution is significant, it has been possible to nationalise adhesion measurements using the WLF transform-see Adhesion - fundamental and practical. Pressure-sensitive adhesives - adhesion properties and Tensile... 

Adhesion -fundamental and practical D E PACKHAM Relationship between joint strength and interfacial forces... 

C. A. Dahlquist, in Adhesion Fundamentals and Practice (A Report of an International Conference held at the University of Nottingham, U.K., Sept. 20-22, 1966), Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1969, p. 143. 

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