Adenosine triphosphate detection

Figure 12 Gradient separation of bases, nucleosides and nucleoside mono- and polyphosphates. Column 0.6 x 45 cm. Aminex A-14 (20 3 p) in the chloride form. Eluent 0.1 M 2-methyl-2-amino-l-propanol delivered in a gradient from pH 9.9-100 mM NaCl to pH 10.0-400 mM NaCl. Flow rate 100 ml/hr. Temperature 55°C. Detection UV at 254 nm. Abbreviations (Cyt) cytosine, (Cyd) cytidine, (Ado) adenosine, (Urd) uridine, (Thyd) thymidine, (Ura) uracil, (CMP) cytidine monophosphate, (Gua) guanine, (Guo) guanosine, (Xan) xanthine, (Hyp) hypoxanthine, (Ino) inosine, (Ade) adenosine, (UMP) uridine monophosphate, (CDP) cytidine diphosphate, (AMP) adenosine monophosphate, (GMP) guanosine monophosphate, (IMP) inosine monophosphate, (CTP) cytidine triphosphate, (ADP) adenosine diphosphate, (UDP) uridine monophosphate, (GDP) guanosine diphosphate, (UTP) uridine triphosphate, (ATP) adenosine triphosphate, (GTP), guanosine triphosphate. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier Science from Floridi, A., Palmerini, C. A., and Fini, C., /. Chromatogr., 138, 203, 1977.)...

Figure 3.18 Adenosine phosphates in blood on vinyl polymer column. Conditions column, Asahipak GS320 (vinyl alcohol copolymer gel), 50 cm x 7.6 mm i.d. eluent, 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer containing 3 M sodium chloride pH 7.0 flow rate, 1.0 ml min-, detection, UV 260 nm. Peaks 1, haemoglobin 2, adenosine triphosphate 3, adenosine diphosphate and 4, adenosine monophosphate.

Several nucleotides have been detected in milk (see Table 1.9). The list includes the common mono-and dinucleotides, 3, 5 cyclic AMP, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP is located entirely in the casein micelles (Richardson et al. 1980). Several nucleotide sugars, undoubtedly excess intermediates left over from mammary synthesis of glycoproteins, are present. Both DNA and RNA have been detected in milk (Swope and Brunner 1965 Swope et al. 1965 Langen 1967) they are probably found primarily in milk leukocytes. 

A more rapid test method, developed by the British Textile Technology Group in the late 1980s, is based on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence. The growth of microorganisms is assessed by firefly bioluminescent detection and ATP analysis. ... 

Living cells generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that can readily be detected by enzyme assays, e.g. luciferin emits light when exposed to firefly luciferase in the presence of ATP light... 

Groivth-based technologies—biochemical assays, headspace pressure, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, colorimetric detection of CO2, and impedance (electrical activity)... 

Also present in the first test tnbe is a synthetic analog of adenosine triphosphate in which both the T and 3 hydroxyl gronps have been replaced by hydrogens. This componnd is called 2, 3 -dideoxyadenosine triphosphate (ddATP). Similarly, ddTTP is added to the second tube, ddGTP to the third, and ddCTP to the fourth. Each tube also contains a primer. The primer is a short section of the complementary DNA strand, which has been labeled with a radioactive isotope of phosphorus ( P) that emits a particles. When the electrophoresis gel is examined at the end of the experiment, the positions of the DNAs formed by chain extension of the primer are located by detecting their a emission by a techniqne called autoradiography. 

His research with Grace Picciolo led to his invention of a method for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The technique takes advantage of the naturally occurring luciferase enzyme and the chemical lu-ciferin. Both are obtained from the lantern of a firefly hence, this technique is sometimes referred to as a firefly bioluminescent assay. In combination with ATP and magnesium ions, luciferm and luciferase fluoresce, generating a light intensity that is proportional to the amoimt of ATP present. 

Chemiluminescence is also found in fireflies. The male firefly uses the reaction of a luciferin substrate and the enzyme luciferase with oxygen, with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source, to create the illumination it uses to attract a mate. Because the detection of very minute amounts of light is possible, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence have become the basis of many sensitive analytical and bioanalytical techniques or assays used to quantify particular compounds in samples. Indeed, the use of these techniques is broad enough to justify the existence of a journal devoted to them, the Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. 

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