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Adenosine Chocolate

The generic name of the cacao tree (Theobroma) means food of the Gods and gives its name to a caffeine-like stimulant, theobromine (a methylxanthine). It has been claimed that the theobromine in chocolate is responsible for its addictive characteristics. This is based on the fact that methylxanthines bind to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system and act as antagonists to this neurotransmitter (Chapter 14). However, another group of substances, the amides formed between ethanolamine and unsaturated fatty acids, are also possible candidates for the title of the chocolate drug . [Pg.232]

Chocolate Theobromine cacao Theobromine Adenosine (antagonist) Adenosine... [Pg.180]

Caffeine and theophylline are not the only drugs we regularly consume to block our adenosine receptors. There is also theobromine, which is found in chocolate. Chocolate is as addicting as coffee—if not more so—possibly because it contains an array of other psychoactive compounds that may contribute to the pleasurable sensation of eating it. Chocolate contains fats that may induce the release of endogenous opiates... [Pg.127]

Finally, purines such as caffeine (including dietary caffeine in coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate) and synthetic derivatives, such as theophylline, can interfere with the vascular actions of dipyridamole, These agents act to inhibit the adenosine A2A receptor, which serves to further emphasize the role of adenosine in the pharmacologic actions of dipyridamole (41-43), It has also been shown that this effect on A2A receptors is restricted to the vessel wall the direct anti-aggregatory actions of dipyridamole are not blocked by purines and may, if anything, be enhanced by the indirect effect of purines to upregulate A2A receptors (44,45). [Pg.74]

Cafleine, theobromine and theophylline, and related methylxanthine compounds, are mild stimulants and have everyday use, e.g. in tea. coffee, chocolate and some soft drinks. Methylxanthines work in part as PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS and in part as antagonists at P,-purinoceptors (see ADENOSINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS). [Pg.81]

Caffeine Caffeine, a mild stimulant, is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world. It is present in soft drinks, coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate, and numerous prescription and over-the-counter drugs. It mildly increases NE and DA release and enhances neural activity in numerous brain areas. Caffeine is absorbed from the digestive tract and is distributed rapidly throughout all tissues and easily crosses the placental barrier see Chapter 27). Many of caffeine s effects are beheved to occur by means of competitive antagonism at adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a neuromodulator that influences a number of functions in the CNS see Chapters 12 and 27). The mild sedating effects that occur when adenosine activates particrrlar adenosine-receptor subtypes can be antagonized by caffeine. [Pg.396]


See other pages where Adenosine Chocolate is mentioned: [Pg.478]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.272]    [Pg.93]    [Pg.1193]    [Pg.168]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.191]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.244 ]




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