Addition polymers conjugate

The addition of the secondary antibody step allows for signal amplification of the process. However, for low density antigens (>2 K, < 10 K molecules/cell) it is recommended to employ further amplification of the immunocytochemical signal with tyramide, with ABC method or with polymer-conjugated technology such as EnVision System developed by DakoCytomation (see Sect. 6.2). 

Additional tt-conjugated polymers, (I), were prepared by the authors (1) and used as photoelectric conversion elements. 

The increased ionic freedom between the propagating polymer ion and its gegen ion occurs concurrently with increased space separation between the two ion species. The studies of Schuerch and co-workers and of Yoshino and co-workers (98) with deuterated acrylates and by Natta and co-workers (99) with sorbic esters show that this increased separation allows trans addition to mono olefins and 1,4 trans addition to conjugated dienes before complete loss of isotactic steric control at the end of the chain. The increased freedom between the propagating ion and the less closely associated gegen ion appears to result in a distortion of the cyclic transition state which permits backside attack at the beta position of the incoming acrylate monomer and 1,4 attack on the incoming sorbate monomer. 

A wide range of polymers are obtained from the addition of conjugate diene monomers, notably 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene ... 

AHdbe, 119 kcal). The suspected biological hazard of IO2 has prompted extensive research with a substantial literature in several disciplines. A recent review36 provides a comprehensive overview of the reactivity for IO2 in various phases and matrices. The most facile chemistry for IO2 is addition to conjugated polymers and polynuclear aromatic molecules.3, 38... 

While precipitation / crystallisation is easily automated, dialysis and gel permeation require more laborious workup procedures. In addition, precipitation / crystallisation seems to be less predictive and reproducible. Notably, it has been shown with soluble polystyrenes in the synthesis of e.g. oligosaccharides that the yields of purified polymer-bound products decreased considerably as the oligosaccharide chain grew due to increased solubility of the sugar-polymer conjugate in polar solvents.13... 

Liu, J. Bulmus, V Herlambang, D.L. Bamer-Kowollik, C. Stenzel, M.H. Davis, T.P. In situ formation of protein-polymer conjugates through reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007,46 (17), 3099-3103. 

Bontempo and Maynard first reported CRP directly from a protein. This technique, known as grafting from, involves the use of a protein macroinitiator for ATRP or macroCTA for RAFT polymerization. This strategy has several advantages. Purification is easier because only small molecules rather than polymer chains need to be removed. In addition, characterization can be simpler because the site of polymer attachment is predetermined by the attachment of the initiator or CTA fragment, which is easier to analyze. Finally, hydrophobic polymer conjugates are more readily prepared.However, some desired monomers are insoluble in the aqueous systems... 

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