Acyclic alkanes naming

Univalent groups derived from unsubstituted cycloalkanes are named cyclopropyL cyclohexyl. etc., in a manner analogous to that used for naming acyclic alkanes. The carbon atom with the free valence is numbered as I. 

A fourth system of mathematical interest, but of little historical or chemical interest, is the Matula system for naming rooted trees (acyclic alkanes) [10] and its extension to all graphic representation of moieties [11-15], The output of this system is a single very large integer, which can be decoded into a unique acyclic graph. For example, the alkane depicted in Figure 16 has as its Matula name 548,813,133,611. ... 

Cycloalkanes are named much like acyclic alkanes. Substituted cycloalkanes use the cycloalkane for the base name, with the alkyl groups named as substituents. If there is just one substituent, no numbering is needed. 

Think of a cycloalkane as being formed by removing two H atoms from the end carbons of a chain, and then bonding the two carbons together. Simple cycloalkanes are named by adding the prefix cyclo- to the name of the acyclic alkane having the same number of carbons. 

The rules for naming cycloalkanes resemble the mles for naming acyclic alkanes ... 

There is a nomenclature dilemma for cyclic alkanes. The suffix for the name must be ane because they are alkanes. The normal prefix will indicate the presence of 3-12 carbons for the alkanes in Figure 4.4, so the names should be propane to dodecane. Those names have already been taken for the acyclic alkanes To distinguish between the linear 12-carbon molecule (dodecane) and the 12-membered cyclic (ring) alkane, use the term cyclo. If the ring is viewed as a cycle, then the prefix cyclo is used in front of the alkane name (a prefix in front of the carbon number prefix). The three-membered ring alkane therefore becomes cyclopropane and the 12-membered ring alkane becomes cyclododecane (see Figure 4.4). 

FIGURE 2.49 Cycloalkanes are named and numbered in a fashion similar to the system for acyclic alkanes. 

Acyclic nitriles are named by adding -nitrile as a suffix to the alkane name that includes the carbon atom of the nitrile. The carbon atom of the nitrile is C-1. Cyclic compounds with the —CN group bonded to the ring are named using the suffix -carbonitrile. The ring carbon bearing the cyano group is C-1, but that number is not included in the name. 

Alkanes. The saturated open-chain (acyclic) hydrocarbons (C H2 +2) have names ending in -ane. The first four members have the trivial names methane (CH4), ethane (CH3CH3 or C2H5), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4Hjo). For the remainder of the alkanes, the first portion of the name... 

The stem names are derived from the names of hydrocarbons. Acyclic and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) in the range C1-C12 are listed in Table 1.2. 

The higher seniority of cyclic suhunits over acyclic subunits (rule 3) and the higher seniority of a subunit with lower locant(s) relative to the same subunit with higher locant(s) (rule 7b) yield the CRU XVI with the name poly(cyclohexane-l,3-diylcyclohexane-l,4-diyl-l-methylpropane-l,3-diyl). Note that all acyclic subunits except CH2 and CH2CH2 are named as alkane-a, co-diyl. CH2 and CH2CH2 subunits are named methylene and ethylene, respectively. 

Acyclic Hydrocarbons, A knowledge of the structural features of hydrocarbon skeletons is basic to the understanding of organic chemical nomenclature. The generic name of saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, branched or unbranched, is alkane. The term saturated is applied to hydrocarbons containing no double or triple bonds. 

Multiple bonds in acyclic compounds in bicycloalkanes, tricycloalkanes, and polycyclo-alkanes, double bonds having priority over triple bonds and in heterocyclic systems whose names end in -etine, -oline, or -olene. 

G.C.-M.S. From the G.C. of the total-alkane fraction of another Turkish asphaltite (Harbulite) (5.), it was possible to recognise three series, namely n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids (C15, Cie, Ci8> C12, C2o)> and cyclic isoprenoids (C2 C29, C30, C31 and 032)9 all on the same chromatogram. For the Rexco coal tar,... 

The general name for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons is alkanes. The -ane ending is used for all saturated hydrocarbons. This is important to remember because later other endings will be used for other functional groups. 

Aliphatic framework molecules most common in organic acids include alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) and alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons). These saturated and unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids may be acyclic (straight or branched chains) or alicyclic (aliphatic rings). Acyclic aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are also referred to as fatty acids (Table 1). The first five saturated acids (formic to valeric) of this type are sometimes referred to as short-chain, low-molecular-weight, or volatile fatty acids. Although a nomenclature for these acids has been established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), the convention of using the trivial names for the first five saturated acids has remained. Similarly, trivial names are used for the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (Table 2) that are saturated with two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4) and unsaturated with four carbon atoms (C4). Alicyclic carboxylic acids contain one or more saturated or partially unsaturated rings. These acids most commonly occur... 

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