Activity system design case study example

ABSTRACT This paper presents the technical interpretations for Safety Requirements Specification (SRS) preparations in oil and gas industries based on international standards such as lEC 61508, 61511, and OLF 070. Development of SRS is an important activity to design the Safety Instrumented System (SIS). Some difficulties are explained to reflect international standards and fulfill all requirements of the standards in SRS during design phase of oil and gas plant. A new approach suggests a feasible systematic approach for SRS preparation to satisfy the safety requirement clauses by using case study. Also, an example of SRS based on above methodology is provided. 

Cu(II) is one of the best examples of a redox active guest, but apparently not when it is imprisoned in a cryptand such as 53. In this case, the Cu(II) is silent over a wide potential range during cyclic voltammetry. System 53 is designed as a lumophore-spacer-receptor system such as 28-30 and 33-34 in Section 1 with multiple lumophores. It also shows similar luminescence off-on switching with and even with Cu(II). The possibility of Cu(II) induced production of from moisture appears to have been ruled out. The absence of EET is a mystery which can only be dispelled by further studies on this interesting system. 

Much of the information gleaned from studies of ribonuclease S can be applied to studies of far more complex systems. In most cases the receptor-bound form of the peptide will not be known, but the same synthetic modeling approaches can be applied to probe the conformational features of the complex. Two recent examples of the application of this approach to the design of biologically active peptides will be considered in this section. 

The first phase, called catalyst design, studies the kinetic problem, namely the rate-limiting step and measures to enhance it. For example, in the case of a solid catalyst the design variables are the particle size, its shape, porous structure and distribution of active material. For gas-liquid systems the decisions concern the choice between gas-dispersed or liquid-dispersed systems, and provisions of an appropriate ratio between liquid-phase bulk flow and liquid-phase diffusion layer. 

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