Outgrowth-promoting activities

Ping L, Kimihiro M, Tohru Y, Yasushi O. Nardosinone, the first enhancer of neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of staurosporine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in PCI 2D cells. Dev Brain Res 2003 145 177-183. 

Defoliation. Interest in defoliation has been low in recent years. One relatively new development is the "wiltant which is applied only shortly before harvest (51). As an outgrowth of some basic studies, several auxin transport inhibitors, TIBA, DPX-1840, Alanap (N-l-naph-thylphthalamate), and morphactins (2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-car-boxylic acid), were shown to promote ethylene- and ethephon-mediated leaf abscission (52, 53). Subsequently, CA3 was found to be even more active in promotion of ethylene-induced abscission (54). It now appears that the CA3 counteracts the inhibitory effect of auxin on ethylene-induced leaf abscission (55) thus, CA3 might improve the performance of any defoliant that achieves part of its action by stimulating stress-induced ethylene production and lowering the natural auxin content of the dam-... 

Calof, A.L., Campanero, M.R., O Rear, J.J., Yurchenco, P.D. and Lander, A.D. (1994) Domain-specific activation of neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities of laminin. Neuran 13 117-130. 

Wujek, J.R., Haleem-Smith, H., Yamada, Y., Lipsky, R., Lan, Y.T. and Freese, E. (1990) Evidence that the B2 chain of laminin is responsible for the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of astrocyte extracellular matrix. Dev. Brain Res. 55 237-247. 

FIGURE 16 Comparison of neurite outgrowth-promoting activities of neovibsanin, neovibsanin A, and neovibsanin B in PC12 cells. The method was the same as that in Fig. 15. Data were expressed as meansiSE. Difference between groups was tested with Student s t-test. / < 0.001 compared with NGF only. 

Orbit/MAST proteins, also known as CLIP-associated proteins (CLASPs), are involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and bind to microtubule plus ends via CLIP115 or CLIP170. Active CLASP suppresses microtubule assembly and axon outgrowth (Lee et al., 2004), whereas activated adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC see below) promotes microtubule assembly and axon outgrowth. 

Ti k receptor cell surface proteins that are involved in transducing the actions of neurotrophins to promote neuronal survival, proliferation, migration, axonal and dendritic outgrowth and patterning, synapse strength and plasticity, injury protection, as well as controlling the activity of ion channels and neuroh ansmitter receptors. 

In contrast to the functional information available for the roles of ACh and AChE, the function or functions of RBC and serum ChEs are still matters for speculation. One idea is that they protect the body from natural anti-ChE agents (e.g., phyosos-tigmine) encountered during the evolution of the species another idea is that they have specific but still unknown roles in tissues. For example, there are reports that inhibition of BuChE activity blocks adhesion of neurites from nerve cells in culture and that AChE promotes outgrowth of neurites as if the enzymes had roles in cell adhesion and differentiation. 

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