Activity-Based Costing , corporate

For these reasons, Activity-Based Costing (ABC), the most accurate method of cost analysis, is particularly helpful in identifying all of the individual costs of an operating practice or an event, such as a chemical spill. In analyzing a spill, for example, the audit team can attach a dollar value to waste of materials and labor, system changes, unused capacity, and the spill s myriad overhead costs, as well as corporate legal, PR, and other administrative support costs, all of which need to be carefully understood in considering process improvements. 

Values in the industry value chain are subjects of financial accounting, profit and cost controlling as well as value-based management research. Out of the scope is the value chain support function of corporate finance concerned with getting required or investing excess financial resources in financial markets, which is not a core activity in the industry value chain and out of the scope in this work. The integration of value chain management with corporate finance is a potential area for further research. 

The MIOX Corporation prepared cost estimates on the MIOX system based on bench-scale testing. They estimated that the active mixed oxidant solution produced by the process costs about 7 cents/gal to produce, including the costs of power, salt, and electrolytic cell recycling. At an injection ratio of 1 to 500, two gallons of mixed oxidants would be required to treat 1000 gal of water. The amount of mixed oxidants required varies with each individual waste stream, and with the treatment goals, so this estimate is by no means universal (D15848Z, p. 114). 

The first carbonization of cellulose-based fibers dates back to Thomas Edison, who carbonized a natural cellulose filament for use as an incandescent lamp filament. In the mid-1950s, the Carbon Wool Corporation introduced the first commercial carbonized rayon fibers (79). PAN- and pitch-based carbon fibers have replaced rayon-based fibers in most high performance applications however, they continue to find use as ablative materials in missile nosecones and heat shielding (16). Additionally, the combination of low cost, ease of handling, and high natural porosity makes rayon an attractive precursor for activated carbon fibers (see CELLULOSE Fibers, Regenerated). 

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