Action of ion exchange resins

Type Duolite International Ltd Rohm Haas Co., USA Dow Chemical Co., USA Bio-Rad Labs Ltd, Watford, UK 

Strong acid cation exchangers Duolite C225 Duolite C255 Duolite C26C Amberlite 120 Amberlite 200 Dowex 50 AG50W AGMP-50  

Weak acid cation exchangers Duolite C433 Duolite C464 Amberlite 84 Amberlite 50 Bio-Rex 70  

Strong base anion exchangers Duolite A113 Duolite A116 Duolite A161 Amberlite 400 Amberlite 410 Amberlite 900 Dowex 1 Dowex 2 AG1 AGMP-1  

Weak base anion exchangers Duolite A303 Duolite A378 Amberlite 45 Amberlite 68 Amberlite 93 AG3-X4A 

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Mastalgi, P., Andiic, N. 1958. Catalytic action of ion exchange resins in the Pechmann and Knoevenagel reactions. Compt. Rend. 246 3079-3081. 

The separation of small amounts of radioactive material by the use of ion exchange resins is one of the most useful and flexible of separation methods, and one which can be readily adapted to remote control when large amounts of radioactive material are to be handled. The limit of the quantity will be reached when the resin decomposes under the action... 

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexalate) [Potassium Removing Resin] Uses Rx of T K Action NaVK" ion-exchange resin Dose Adults. 15-60 g PO or 30-60 g PR q6h based on serum Peds. 1 g/kg/dose PO or PR q6h based on serum (given w/ agent, eg, sorbitol, to promote movement through the bowel) Caution [C, M] Contra T Na" Disp Powder, susp SE T Na", -i Na retention, GI upset, fecal impaction Interactions T Risk of systemic alkalosis W/ Ca- or Mg-containing antacids EMS Monitor ECG for h5 pokalemia (flattened T waves) OD Not systemically absorbed but may cause h5 pokalemia and the associated effects (muscle weakness, confusion) and bowel obstruction s5rmpto-matic and supportive... 

Mechanism of Action An ion exchange resin that releases sodium ions in exchange primarily for potassium ions. Therapeutic Effect Moves potassium from the blood into the intestine so it can be expelled from the body. 

Strong acids are able to donate protons to a reactant and to take them back. Into this class fall the common acids, aluminum hahdes, and boron trifluoride. Also acid in nature are silica, alumina, alumi-nosihcates, metal sulfates and phosphates, and sulfonated ion exchange resins. They can transfer protons to hydrocarbons acting as weak bases. Zeolites are dehydrated aluminosilicates with small pores of narrow size distribution, to which is due their highly selective action since only molecules small enough to enter the pores can reacl . 

These resins are similar to the sulphonate cation exchange resins in their activity, and their action is largely independent of pH. Weakly basic ion exchange resins contain little of the hydroxide form in basic solution. The equilibrium of, say,... 

A synthesis of 5-(aioylamino)-2-aryloxazoles 39 is outlined in Scheme 9. Heating the glycol 37 (Bt = benzotriazol-l-yl), prepared from glyoxal and benzotriazole, with an amide in the presence of an ion exchange resin yields the acylated diamine 38, which cyclises by the action of sodium hydiide in DMF <95JHC1651>. 

In addition to removing colored impurities and other colloids, ion exchange resins effectively remove the uncolored precursor of these colored substances. It has long been recognized that a small amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), formed from dextrose by the action of acid catalysts, decomposes to form organic acids as well as pigments which polymerize to form highly colored bodies.23 Normal bone char... 

Alternatively, l-oxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolizinium ion (111 Scheme 73) and its congeners may be converted to derivatives of 1-hydroxyquinolizinium ion (63JCS2203). The bicyclic ketone (111) can be brominated to yield the 2-bromo (112) or the 2,2-dibromo derivative (113). Action of boiling acetic anhydride converts the monobromo ketone (112) to 2-bromoquinolizinium bromide (Table 2). If the same bromo ketone (112) is heated with ion-exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400) loaded with hydroxyl ions or, alternatively, heated with silver acetate in water, the 1,2-dihydroxyquinolizinium ion is formed and may be recovered as the picrate (Scheme 74). 

F. /on Exchange Chromatography. It is a process whereby a soln of ions is conducted thru a column consisting of an insoluble solid ion exchanger(such as ion exchange resin) saturated with a solvent. This action separates some of the constituents. This method was primarily designed for separation of fission products in connection with the work on atomic energy in the US(Refs 47a, 48a, 58, 78 86)... 

Ion-exchange resins are used repeatedly in a cyclic manner over many years, and deterioration of both physical and chemical properties can be anticipated. Comparison of the properties of used resin with those of new resin is helpful to learning more about the nature and cause of deterioration (12). Corrective action frequendy extends the life of the resin. Comparison of properties must always be made with the resin in the same ionic form. 

As already shown by Moore and co-workers9 and Tour and coworkers,10 addition of methyl iodide to a triazene resin at elevated temperature (110°) gives rise to aryliodides 17-1 (Nu = I) in excellent yields. We have shown that aryl halides 17-X (X = Cl, Br, I) are readily available by the action of lithium halides in the presence of an acidic ion-exchange resin or with the corresponding trimethylsilyl halide at room temperature.26 A mixture of acetic anhydride and acetic acid produces phenol acetates 17-OAc.26... 

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