Acrylonitrile reaction

Acetyloxindole, 40, 1 Aud chlorides, from acids and chloro vmylamuies, 41, 23 from cyanoacetic acid, 41, 5 from pentaacetylglucomc acid, 41, 80 Acrylamide, N benzyl, 42,16 Acrylonitrile, reaction with benzyl alcohol, 42, 16... 

The principal pathway leading to degradation of acrylonitrile in air is believed to be photooxidation, mainly by reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH). The rate constant for acrylonitrile reaction with OH has been measured as 4.1 x 10" cm /molecule/second (Harris et al. 1981). This would correspond to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 to 50 hours. This is consistent with a value of 9 to 10 hours measured in a smog chamber (Suta 1979). 

Considerations of mixed mechanisms and mixed reactive states might apply to these cases also, but there is no direct evidence that cyclo-hexenone itself reacts from other than the lowest zn-n state. Both cis and trans products are produced, except possibly in the acrylonitrile reaction 97>, and cis and trans-2-butene give the same mixture of products. A predominant biradical mechanism would seem the logical choice. 

Isophorone diamine (IPDA), 10 395 14 588 cis, Irares-Isophoronediamine physical properties of, 2 500t Isophorone dienamine-acrylonitrile reaction, 13 438... 

In the presence of monomers, such as acrylonitrile, reaction (IX) and (XI) are suppressed, since all hydroxyl radicals are captured by the monomer. 

The 2-pentenenitrile, 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, and methylglutaronitrile in Figure 1.1 are by-products of this reaction sequence. duPont is still studying the phosphines used as ligands for the nickel in an effort to find one bulky enough to favor terminal addition only.214 Reduction of the various nitriles leads to the amines in Figure 1.1, including the cyclic ones. The 2,3-dichloro-l,3-buta-diene is probably a by-product in the synthesis of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene used to make Neoprene rubber. duPont also polymerizes acrylonitrile to prepare poly (acrylonitrile) fiber (Orion). Acetonitrile is obtained as a by-product of the ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile (reaction 1.20). 

Similarly, with the acrylonitrile reaction the 10 mM -cyclodextrin increased the water rate by a factor of 9, while 5 mM a -cyclodextrin slowed it by a factor of 1.2. With the larger anthracene case, even /3-cyclodextrin slowed the water reaction, by a factor of 1.6, since the anthracene filled the cavity and did not permit simultaneous binding of the dienophile. However, the more striking rate effects were seen with the water solvent alone. 

The first, and a very important, example of the enzymatic manufacture of a bulk synthetic chemical is the biosynthesis of acrylamide from acrylonitrile (Reaction 16.11). The chemical pathway that has been used for this transformation is definitely not a green process in that it involves the... 

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