Acrylic acid Epoxide, adhesive

Binders in coatings include polyvinyl acetate and copolymers, polyvinyl butyral, polyesters, acrylic polymers, epoxies and polyurethanes (see Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. Acrylic adhesives, Epoxide adhesives and Polyurethane), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride and aUcyds (oxygen-convertible media containing polyol esters of long-chain unsaturated acids). All these potential film-formers can adhere through dispersion forces, (which are probably weak). Many binders, however, also contain... 

Epoxy resin adhesives for aluminum, glass, and steel have been prepared by converting octaallyl or octacrotyl-sucrose to the corresponding epoxides which were cured with diethylenetriamine.157 Several plastics, resins, and adhesives have been based on soybean oil.158 Vinyl esters of the fatty acids can be used as monomers. The oil can be epoxidized, then hydrolyzed to glycols, which can be converted to acrylates or maleates for polymerization. Natural fibers, such as hemp, can be used with such materials to form inexpensive composites. 

Tritolyl phosphate (TTP) has been examined as a pretreatment for E-glass in epoxide laminates and thermoplastic adhesives for bonding poly(vinyl chloride) to aluminum, steel to zinc, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene to aluminum [59]. Mono- and diphosphate esters have been claimed to be suitable adhesion-promoting primers for acrylic adhesives on metal [60,61], unsaturated acid phosphates have been suggested as primers for use on metals to be bonded with free radical initiated adhesives [42], and thiopho-sphate esters have been suggested for adhesives to be used on plastics, ceramics, and metals [62]. 

The temperatures at which different types of adhesives will survive in service for a period of 1 year will vary somewhat among particular materials, but the following general guidelines can be used. The upper limit for acrylates and cyanoacrylates is 80°C, whereas epoxides cured with polyamides have a service limit of 65° C. Epoxides cured with aliphatic amines have an upper limit of 100° C, whereas this limit is 150°C for those cured with acid anhydrides. The surface temperature is 200°C for silicones and 260°C for polyimides. Many of these adhesives can be exposed at higher temperature for shorter periods without detrimental effects. 

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