Acrolein — Propen

Fig. 2. Left catalytic oxidation of C3 organic compounds over MgCr204. Conversion of propane A acetone X acrolein propene. Right catalytic oxidation of 2-propanol over MgCr204. conversion of 2-propanol selectivities to acetone A propene X COx-...

Problem 15.50 Show steps in the following syntheses (a) acetyl chloride to acetal (CH,CH(OC,H,)j), (b) allyl chloride to acrolein (propenal), (c) ethanol to 2-butene. ... 

DNPH derivatives of acrolein (propenal) and acetone from tobacco smoke were separated by HPLC. 

Aliphatic aldehydes in MSS were estimated by derivative formation, followed by colorimetry. Analysis refined to permit estimation of acrolein (propenal). 

Acrolein (propenal) was first identified as a component in the destructive distillate from fat by Redtenbacher (3093b). 

McNally (2524) reported the presence of formaldehyde and acrolein (propenal) in tobacco smoke. 

In his study of the irritant factors in cigarette smoke, Bogen (1936) classified formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein (propenal) as irritant factors in cigarette smoke and rated formaldehyde as a major contributor to cigarette smoke irritation. 

Prentiss (2988a) reported that acrolein (propenal) was a powerful lachrymator even at 3 ppm (7mg/m ) acrolein was reported to be highly irritating to the conjunctiva and to the respiratory tract. 

In his study of the vapor phase of eigarette MSS, Laurene (2293) identified acrolein (propenal). 

Guillerm et al. (1451a) reported the ciliastatic activity of acetaldehyde and acrolein (propenal) in liquid and in vapor form in... 

Murphy et al. (3A17) reported that exposure of guinea pigs to low concentrations of acrolein (propenal) resulted in an increase in total respiratory flow resistance plus decreased respiratory rates and increased tidal volume. 

Laurene et al. (2305) described an analytical method for the quantitative determination of acetaldehyde, acrolein (propenal),... 

From their study of the pyrogenesis of acrolein (propenal) from glycerol, Doihara et al. (1023) and others deduced that a tobacco smoking product that contains glycerol as a humectant has an enhanced potential for the formation and release of acrolein (propenal) during smoking [see Wynder and Hoffmann (4337)]. 

In testing the ciliatoxicity of cigarette MSS aldehydes to clam gill cilia, Wynder et al. (4330) reported that formaldehyde, acrolein (propenal), and crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) showed the highest toxicity. They also reported that acrolein was about twice as ciliatoxic as phenol in the clam gill cilia test [see also Wynder and Hoffmann (p. 253 in (4332)]. In addition to then-aldehyde ciliatoxicity results, Wynder et al. (4330) also noted the serious error introduced into the results obtained in their study of the ciliatoxicity of low molecular weight acids in tobacco smoke. 

Wynder and Hoffmann (4337) discussed the conversion of the glycerol, used as a humectant in tobacco smoking products, to acrolein (propenal) during the smoking process. 

From their study of 85-mm nonfiltered cigarettes made from each of four varieties of flue-cured tobacco, Rathkamp et al. (3087, 3088) reported that the MSS acetaldehyde dehveries ranged from 800 to 1,280 pg/cig the acrolein (propenal) dehveries ranged from 51 to 102 pg/cig. 

The U.S. Surgeon General (4003) classified formaldehyde as a suspected contributor to the health hazard of smoking snf acrolein (propenal) as a probable health hazard in cigarette smoke. 

Testa and Joigny (3885) reported that the per cigarette delivery of acrolein (propenal) from a cigarette made from black... 

OSHA standards for exposure to air contaminants require an employee s exposure to acrolein (propenal) not exceed an 8-hr... 

In their study of the effect of inhaled acrolein (propenal) on the tumorigenicity of benzo[a]pyrene or N-nitrosodiethylamine,... 

U.S. Surgeon General (4005) reported acrolein (propenal) to be one of the major toxic agents in the vapor phase of unaged cigarette MSS. 

Jenkins et al. (1932) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) analyzed the MSS from 32 commercial brands of cigarettes marketed in the U.S. for their deliveries of specific smoke components. Included was acrolein (propenal) whose deliveries ranged from 33 to 141 pg/cig. 

The LARC (1870) listed the delivery range for acrolein (propenal) in cigarette MSS vapor phase as 10 to 110 pg/cig and classified it as a cifiatoxic component. 

Brunnemann et al. (500) detemiined several volatile aldehydes and ketones in tobacco headspace and tobacco smoke by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Tobacco smoke carbonyl components identified included Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde (1000 pg/cig), propionaldehyde (propanal), acrolein (propenal), isobutyraldehyde (2-methylpropanal), crotonaldehyde (2-butenal), methacrolein (2-methylpropenal), benzaldehyde (1 pg/cig), and acetone. 

Rodgman and Green (3300) and Rodgman (3265) noted that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde (2-butenal), and acrolein (propenal) were included in the majority of them (1217, 1740, 1741, 1743, 1744, 1808, 1870, 2825)... 

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