Aconitum lycoctonum

Aconitum lycoctonum. From the roots of this species Hiibschmann isolated the amorphous alkaloids acolyctine and lycoctonine. Dragen-dorff and Spohn showed that Hiibschmann s alkaloids were probably decomposition products of lycaconitine, C2,H3403N2. 2H2O, which they isolated along with myoctonine, 27 30 8 2 - 5H2O. These results liave been considerably extended by Schulze and Bierling, and more recently by Marion and Manske, for lycoctonine. 

Rapid-acting channel-activating neurotoxin. It is obtained from the leaves and roots of various plants including wolfbane (Aconitum lycoctonum) and monkshood (Aconitum napellus). It is an off-white powder that is insoluble in water (0.03% ) but soluble in chloroform and benzene. Various salts have been reported. 

Aconitum septentrionale Koelle (Syn. Aconitum lycoctonum) 2-0-Acetylseptentriosine Septatisine (Septedinine)... 

D. Brownii, Rydb. From this species Manske prepared an alkaloida product which could not be crystallised or converted into crystalline salts, but on alkaline hydrolysis yielded methylsuccinic acid (fine prisms, m.p. 112°), anthranilic acid and a crystalline base, m.p. 120-1°, [a]p ° + 52-2° fMeOH), later identified with lycoctonine by comparison with a sjjecimen of the latter prepared from Aconitum lycoctonum. 

Aconitum heterophylloides Stapf.1, A. hetero-phyllum Wall2 3, A. palmatum Don4, A. gigas Lev et Van. (Lycoctonum gigas Nakai)5 A. zerauschanicum Steinb.6... 

The two genera Aconitum and Delphinium, which belong to the family Ranunculaceae, produce several series of closely related monobasic alkaloids. In fact, the same alkaloid may be found in different species of the two genera thus, isotalatisidine and its acetyl ester condelphine occur in A. talassicum and in D. confusum, respectively, and esters of lycoctonine occur in A. lycoctonum and in several Delphinium species. On the other hand, closely similar plant species (e.g., A. septentrioncde and A. lycoctonum, and a series of East Asian Aconitum species) may be differentiated by their content of related but different bases. 

Whilst most of the aconines and related amino alcohols have been isolated from alkaloids present in plants of either one or the other of the genera Aconitum and Delphinium, lycoctonine is remarkable in that its derivatives occur in species of both these genera (cf. Table 15). Not only is it widely distributed in the Delphinium genus, but it was originally isolated (72) from A. lycoctonum L. 

Aconitum species are generally herbaceous perennial plants, with a tall leafy stem (70-130 cm) bearing violet, blue, or yellow (rarely white, rose, or bicolor) zygomorphous flowers in the form of a cylindrical helmet on long, packed racemes. The colors of the flowers and their intensity can vary from pale to deep, depending on the species or intraspecies varieties. The underground part of the plant is represented by tubers, whose size and form depend on the species, or by fibrous roots (A. lycoctonum). 

Aconitine, 1170, 1188, 1506, 1508 Aconitine-induced arrhythmia, 1511 Aconitine type, 933 Aconitorientaline, 935 Aconitum, 1188, 1505 A. carmichaelii, 1505 A. columbianum, 1505 A.ferox, 1505 A. karakolicum, 1512 A. lycoctonum, 1505 A. napellus, 1505 Acorus calamus, 4095 Acquired resistance, 3976 Acridone, 717 Acronychia, 723... 

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