Acidities, choice

Names of individual aldaric acids are formed by replacing the ending -ose of the systematic or trivial name of the parent aldose by -aric acid . Choice between possible names is based on 2-Carb-2.2.2. 

The obvious chemicals to use are any available waste acids or bases. When these are not present or inadequate, the best acidic choice is concentrated sulfuric acid (66° Baume). It can be stored at this concentration in a carbon-steel vessel. It is less corrosive, less costly, and less likely to produce atmospheric pollution than its nearest competitor, hydrochloric acid. 

A—A is the salt of a strong acid and a weak base it is acidic. B and E are salts of a strong acid and a strong base they are neutral. C and D are salts of a weak acid and a strong base they are basic. The lowest pH would be the acidic choice. 

D) Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base. The curve is steep as it reaches the end point. Choice (A) is a strong acid + a weak base. Choice (B) and (E) are strong bases + weak acids. Choice (C) is a weak acid + a weak base. 

Constitution of Sulphurous Acid.—In deciding the constitution of sulphurous acid, choice has to be made between the two alternatives... 

C Choice A is the definition of a strong acid, choice B is the definition of a Lewis acid, and choice D is the definition of an Arrhenius acid. By definition, all Arrhenius bases form OH- ions in water, and all Bronsted bases are proton acceptors. But not all Bronsted bases use OH- as a proton acceptor. NH3 is a Bronsted base for example. 

C The COOH group means that the molecule is a carboxylic acid and its name will use the suffix -oic acid. The presence of 4 carbon atoms means the prefix butan- will be used. An alternate name for the molecule is butyric acid. Choices A and B would be used for aldehydes (CHO group). Choices B and D would be used for 3 carbon atoms ... 

Heavier halogens such as chlorine and bromine provide their boron trihalides with better complexing ability than BF3, but their facile hydrolysis makes BF3 the more effective Lewis acid choice. 

Evolutionary amino acid choice. Ornithine is structurally similar to lysine except ornithine s side chain is one methylene group shorter than that of lysine. Attempts to chemically synthesize and isolate omithinyl-tRNA proved unsuccessful. Propose a mechanistic explanation. (Hint Six-membered rings are more stable than seven-membered rings). 

D is correct. You should recognize F as the conjugate base of a weak acid. Choices A and B are conjugates of strong acids, and thus weaker bases. Choice C is an acid. 

Millet balances your pH. I saw this one at a health food store, and it made me laugh. While it would be great if any food had the extraordinary ability to either alkalize your body when you re acidic or acidify it if, on some rare occasion, you became too alkaline, I m sorry to tell you there s no such food. Millet, a tiny spherical grain, is shghtly acidifying once eaten. However, it is full of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, so it is a healthy addition to a predominantly alkaline diet and a wise acid choice. 

Alkalizing legumes include lima beans, navy beans, soybeans, and lentils. You can eat other types of legumes as part of the 30 percent wise acid choices. The alkalizing legumes can be eaten as part of the 70 percent alkaline options. 

To be eaten as part of your 30 percent wise acid choices. 

Conversely, don t rely on these therapies alone to counter acidity in your body. The best way to balance your biochemistry is to eat and drink more alkaline foods and make wise acid choices. Try to exercise at least three to five times a week, breathe deeply whenever you can, enjoy these wonderful therapies as your time and budget permit, and you ll be well on your way to kicking acid. 

The answer is e. (Murray, pp 468-487. Scriver, pp 3-45. Sack, pp 245-257. Wilson, pp 151-180.) Insertion of one extra nucleotide causes a frame-shift mutation and mistranslation of all the mRNA transcribed from beyond that point in the DNA. All the other mutations cited in the question usually cause an error in the identity of only one amino acid (choice a or b), removal of one amino acid from the sequence (choice d), or no error at all in the amino acid sequence (choice c). There is a chance that the mutations in choices a or b will give a nonsense, or chain-terminator, mutation, and this is about as likely to be lethal as is a frame shift. 

A weak acid will only ionize to a lesser extent compared to a strong acid, choice (c). 

The answer is D. An acid which can furnish more than one proton per molecule of the acid is called a polyprotic acid. Choices A, B and C are all polyprotic acids. So the reasonable choice is none of the above. Note that the question asked for an acid which is NOT a polyprotic acid. You should make a habit of underlining or circling key words in the question, especially when the question stem contains words such as not, except, increasing, decreasing. ... 

The answer is D. Substituents, especially electronegative ones, increase the acidity of carboxylic acids. Choice D has more substituents of this type than the other choices. So the carboxylic acid represented in Choice D is the most acidic. 

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