Acid snow

One reason that the term acid deposition is preferred to the term acid rain is that sulfuric and nitric acid formed by the processes described may return to Earth s surface in either a wet or a dry form. Wet deposition consists of acids dissolved in water, as occurs in acid rain or acid snow. Dry deposition occurs when acids or nonme-tallic oxides remain in gaseous form or adhere to solid particles, on which they are carried to the ground. About half of the components of acid deposition fall back to Earth in each of these two forms, wet and dry. 

Acid deposition, e.g., acid fog, acid rain, acid snow. 

In addition to its health effects on humans, sulfur dioxide has some important consequences for the physical and biological environment. Those effects occur because sulfur dioxide released to the atmosphere from electricity-generating plants and factories combines with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid then falls to earth in the form of acid rain, acid snow, or some other form of acid precipitation where it damages buildings and other structures, trees and other plant life, and fish and other aquatic organisms. Since 1995, the EPA has sponsored a variety of control programs designed to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere to prevent such problems. 

Davies, T. D., P. W. Abrahams, M. Tranter, I. Blackwood, P. Brimblecombe C. E. Vincent, 1984. Black acidic snow in the remote Scottish Highlands. Nature 312 58-61. 

Schofield, Carl L., 1977, Acid Snow-melt Effects on Vfeter Quality and Fish Survival in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State ... 

If the carbonic acid snow be thus stored it can be kept in the solid state for several hours. 

Carbonic acid snow even is now an article of commerce, being sent into the market in tliis form to avoid tlie cost of carriage of the heavy steel bottles containing the liquid. It is, however, best procured in the liquid form (which can be kept indefinitely in a cool place) and dealt with as described above. 

A very large number of most interesting esperi-menfs can be made with carbonic acid snow and ether, by the use of which a temperatiue of —110 may be obtained. 

The same caution must be exercised in handling frozen mercury as in dealing with carbonic acid snow. It must not be up picked by the fingers, but lifted by means of strings or nippers. 

Make a dilate solution of purple coloured permai nate of potash and place it in a glass bottle. Surround it for some time with a mixture of carbonic acid snow and ether. On removing the bottle, it will be found that the solution has soliditied into a transparent block of clear, transparent, and perfectly colourless ice, with the exception of an intense coloured cylinder of permanganate of potash concentrated along the axis of the entire mass. 

Computer simulations, such as MD and Monte Carlo (MC), are useful tools for studying the structural and dynamic properties of ice and water at the molecular level. Simulations for the surfaces and interfaces of ice near the melting point (T ) have attracted a great deal of attention in connection with such issues as the pattern formation of snow and ice crystals [26], the freezing of water in biological systems [54], and the formation of acid snow [55]. 

Acid snow and haze as far north as the Arctic are known to be caused chiefly by coal-fired plants in Europe, Asia, and North America. ... 

Koerner, R. M., Fisher, D. 1982. Acid snow in the Canadian high Arctic. Nature. 295 137-40. 

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