Acid chlorides general structure

Yoshino reports a novel and general method for the C-3 acylation of indoles with acyl chlorides in the presence of dialkylaluminium chloride which obviates the need for prior N-protection . Interestingly, as described in this preliminary communication, the unprotected indoles 147 are first treated with the Lewis acids prior to addition of the acid chlorides, yielding the desired 3-acyl derivatives 148. In reactions more typical of indoles under acidic conditions, Nakatsuka determined the structures of the dimers and trimers of 1-trimethylacetylindole produced in the presence of aluminium chloride . 

Palamidessi and Bernardi have obtained 2-chloropyrazine 1-oxide by mild treatment of pyrazine 1,4-dioxide with phosphoryl chloride. The structure of the 1-oxide was confirmed by hydrolysis to 2-hydroxy-pyrazine 1-oxide, which was also prepared by direct synthesis from glyoxal and glycine hydroxamic acid.398 This synthesis is illustrative of a general method for preparing 2-hydroxypyrazine 1-oxides by condensation of a,/3-dicarbonyl compounds with a-aminohydroxamic acids. An analogous synthesis of 2-aminopyrazine 1-oxides has already... 

Solid-phase synthesis has also been used to make peptoids, some examples of which are shown in Fig. 2.4. Compounds of general structure 2.8, where the amino acid side chain is on the nitrogen, have been prepared either by the corresponding Fmoc-protected N-aUcylated glycines (33) or, in an improved method, via treatment of a resin-bound secondary amine with bromoacetic acid to produce the first peptoid building block, which is then elaborated via iteration of the procedure (34). Other modified P-peptoid structures such as 2.9 with repeating P-amino propionic units have been prepared by acylation of a resin-bound amine with acriloyl chloride followed by Michael addition of a primary amine. The cycle is repeated to build up the polymer... 

Acid chloride (Sections 20.1, 22.1) A compound having the general structure RCOCl. 

Acylium ion (Section 18.5B) A positively charged electrophile having the general structure (R—C=0), formed when the Lewis acid AICI3 ionizes the carbon-halogen bond of an acid chloride. 

Carboxylic acid derivatives (Section 20.1) Compounds having the general structure RCOZ, which can be synthesized from carboxylic acids. Common carboxylic acid derivatives include acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides. 

Ketones, The diversity of reagent structural types, the simplicity and mildness of experimental conditions, and the functional group selectivity and stereoselectivity of organocopper reagents suggest that these are generally the reagents of choice for conversion of acid chlorides into ketones. ... 

The insecticidal activity and structure-activity relationships of novel pyrethroids prepared by reacting methyl phenyl substituted pyrazole methanols with dichloro chrysanthemic acid chloride are reported. These pyrethroids are active on tobacco budworm, fall armyworm, southern corn rootworm, and aster leafhopper, generally in the concentration range of 1000-250 ppm. Although less active than the pyrethroid standard bifenthrin, the overall structure-activity of these pyrazole pyrethroids with regard to substitution patterns is similar to that previously observed with bifenthrin analogs. 

The bis(acid chloride) of 2,2 -dithienylmethane-5,5 -dicarboxylic acid condenses with 5-substituted 2-alkylaminothiophenols to give cyanine dyes of general structure 85.112... 

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