Acetylcholine receptors biosensors

Besides this remarkably fast commercial development, other research groups designed their own laboratory-compatible LAPS systems for similar purposes. The use of, e.g., a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was reported to create a LAPS-receptor biosensor capable of detecting receptor ligands (acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, succinylcholine, sub-eryldicholine, nicotine as well as d-tubocurarine, a-bungarotoxin and a-Naja toxin) [85]. Another system quite similar to the Cytosensor setup was introduced, where mouse fibroblast fine 3T6 cells were chosen to demonstrate the determination of metabolic processes of these cells [86]. 

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Receptor, isolated from electro-phorus electricus, was incorporated into a polymeric film formed in situ on an electronic transductor containing two terminal 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm interdigitated gold electrode. The response of the biosensor reached equilibrium within 5 s for ACh and remained stable up to 20 min. Detection limits 25 ng in a 50 pL sample (i.e., 0.5 pg/mL). [93]... 

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor The biosensors were constructed with poly (vinylbutyral) membranes incorporating nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for the determination of ACh. The detection range was 0.1-10 pM acetylcholine. [105]... 

This biosensor employs a quartz optical fiber as a transducer, and the chemical recognition element is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChR). The receptor is a membrane protein that spans a lipid bilayer it binds acetylcholine rapidly and reversibly, and changes shape upon binding, to allow the transport of ions through a... 

First receptor-based biosensor acetylcholine receptor on a capacitance transducer for cholinetgics [19]... 

Taylor R F, Marenchic I G and Cook E J 1988 An acetylcholine receptor-based biosensor for the detection of cholinergic agents Anal. Chim. Acta 213 131-8 Taylor R F, Marenchic I G and Cook E J 1993 Receptor-based biosensors VS Patent 5 192 507... 

Biosensors based on neuroreceptors can measure toxins or other chemical agents used in warfare. The use of acetylcholine receptors enables the determination of acetylcholine by the detection of a specific impedance compared with other neurotransmitters [93]. This receptor is associated with immobilized acetylcholinesterase, and is sensitive to its inhibitors, organophosphorus compounds and carbamates. The receptor is physically adsorbed onto a suitable sensor by immersing the sensitive tip of the sensor in a liposome solution containing the receptor. 

Chemoreceptors are important bioanalytical tools because of their specific abilities in molecular recognition. Associated with a suitable receptor, a biosensor can detect proteins, toxins, hormones, chemical derivatives, or living cells, in both gaseous or liquid media. The weak dissociation constant of the complex formed (K 10 for the cobratoxin/acetylcholine-receptor complex, and K 10 ° for the insulin/insulin-receptor complex) means that such biosensors can be purified by affinity chromatography, and detect a specific ligand associated with the bioreceptor at extremely low concentrations. 

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