Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase

Kim KH Regulation of mammalian acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Annu RevNutr 1997 17 77. 

Lopez JM, Bennett MK, Sanchez HB, Rosenfeld JM, Osborne TE. Sterol regulation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase a mechanism for coordinate control of cellular lipid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 1049-1053. 

Coenzymes Coenzyme A Benzoyl-coenzyme A reductase, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, 3 -methylcrotonyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase... 

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)] Assay, 1, 611 3, 935-938 63, 33 separation by HPLC, 72, 45 extraction from tissues, 13, 439 formation of, 1, 486, 518, 585 5, 466 free energy of hydrolysis, 1, 694 substrate for the following enzymes [acetyl-coenzyme A acyl carrier protein transacylase, 14, 50 acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, 14, 3, 9 acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, 13, 375 N-acetyltransferase, 17B, 805 aminoacetone... 

Roesler, K.R., Shorrosh, B.S., and Ohlrogge, J.B., Structure and expression of an Arabidopsis acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase gene. Plant Physiol, 105, 611, 1994. 

Jamil, H. Madsen, N.B. Phosphorylation state of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. 1. Linear inverse relationship to activity ratios at different citrate concentrations. J. Biol. Chem., 262, 630-637 (1987)... 

Lent, B.A. Kim, K.-H. Requirement of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase kinase for coenzyme A. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 225, 964-971 (1983)... 

Gamble, J. Lopaschuk, G.D. Insulin inhibition of 5 -adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in the heart results in activation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Metabolism, 46, 1270-1274 (1997)... 

Matthews, J.M., J.A.M. Holtum, D.R. Liljegren, B. Furness, and S.B. Powles (1990). Cross-resistance to herbicides in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). 1. Properties of the herbicide target enzymes acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and acetolactate synthase. Plant... 

Carlson, C.A., Kim, K.H. 1974. Regulation of hepatic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 164, 478 189. 

Lee, K.H., Kim, K-H. 1979. Stimulation by epinephrine of in vivo phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of rat epididymal adipose tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 254, 1450-1453. 

Mao, J., Seyfert, H-M. 2002. Promoter II of the bovine acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase -alpha-encoding gene is widely expressed and strongly active in different cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1576, 324-329. 

Ponce-Castaneda, M.V., Lopez-Casillas, F., Kim, K-H. 1991. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase messenger ribonucleic acid metabolism in liver, adipose tissues, and mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 4013 4021. 

Witters, L.A., Moriarity, D., Martin, D.B. 1979 Regulation of hepatic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase by insulin and glucagon. J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6644-6649. 

Aryloxyphenoxypropanoates and cyclohexanediones are two classes of herbicides that control many monocotyledoneous species. Although these herbicides are structurally very different (Fig. 1), there has been some conjecture that they have a similar mode of action because of their similarity in selectivity and symptomology. This paper describes the experiments that led to the discovery that aryloxyphenoxypropanoate and cyclohexanedione herbicides inhibit acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (acetyl-coenzyme A bicarbonate ligase [ATP], EC 6.4.1.2) activity in susceptible species (1). In addition, evidence is presented indicating that the inhibition of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) is well correlated to observed herbicidal activity. Similar, independent findings have recently been reported by two other research groups (2.3). 

SECOR ET AL. Herbicidal Inhibition of Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase 267... 

The method described is suitable for the assay of four biotin-containing carboxylases pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. The assays do not require radioisotopes and are suitable for use in clinical laboratories. 

Substrates and products are separated by reversed-phase chromatography at 45°C on a Nucleosil Qs column (4.6 mm X 250 mm). For assay of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, a linear gradient from solvent A (0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 2.1) to solvent B (methanol-solvent A, 80 20, v/v) was applied in 15 minutes at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Quantitation was based on the absorbance of the product (malonyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, and 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, respectively) at 260 nm. For assay of pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate was separated by isocratic elution using 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.1) containing 0.1 M sodium sulfate. Quantitation was based on the disappearance of pyruvate as followed at 210 nm. 

Etoxazole and flufenoxuron are inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen are inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis. Spirodiclofen blocks the enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, which allows mites to synthesize important fatty acids. 

Shirra, M.K., Patton-Vogt, J., Ulrich, A., Liuta-Tehlivets, O., Kohlwein, S.D., Henry, S.A., and Arndt, K.M., 2001, Inhibition of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase activity restores expression of the INOl gene in a snfl mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 5710-5722. 

Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Plays a Key Role in Controlling Fatty Acid Metabolism... 

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