Acetic trifluoroacetic anhydride

A -(2 2-Diethoxyethyl)anilines are potential precursors of 2,3-unsubstituted indoles. A fair yield of 1-methylindole was obtained by cyclization of N-inethyl-M-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)aniline with BFj, but the procedure failed for indole itself[2], Nordlander and co-workers alkylated anilines with bromo-acetaldehyde diethyl acetal and then converted the products to N-trifliioro-acetyl derivatives[3]. These could be cyclized to l-(trifluoroacetyl)indoles in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride. Sundberg and... 

Several electrophiles, such as acetic anhydride, nitric acid or alternative nitrating agents, such as ammonium nitrate in trifluoroacetic anhydride (41), or sodium hypochlorite, react at N-1, which is followed by reaction at N-3 under suitable conditions. In the case of acetic anhydride, the reaction can take place exclusively at N-3 if N-1 is hindered this fact has served as a criterion for studying the stereochemistry of 5-spirohydantoin derivatives (42,43). 

The reactivity of five-membered rings with one heteroatom to electrophilic reagents has been quantitatively compared in a variety of substitution reactions. Table 2 shows the rates of substitution compared to thiophene for formylation by phosgene and iV,AT-dimethylfor-mamide, acetylation by acetic anhydride and tin(IV) chloride, and trifluoroacetylation with trifluoroacetic anhydride (71AHC(13)235). 

A rather interesting trifluoroacetylated acetal is formed in good yield when cyclohexanone is allowed to react with trifluoroacetic anhydride at room temperature [23] (equation 12). 

The original procedure for the trifluoroacetylation of amino acids used trifluoroacetic anhydride [Acetic acid, trifluoro-, anhydride].4 This reagent, although inexpensive and readily available, has certain disadvantages it is a highly reactive compound and thus has caused undesired reactions such as the cleavage of amide or peptide bonds,5 unsymmetrical anhydrides are formed between the newly formed A-trifluoroacetylamino acids and the by-product trifluoroacetic acid, and excess trifluoroacetic anhydride has caused racemization of asymmetric centers. 

For lab prepns, and occasionally in industrial use, more expensive nitrating agents may be employed, as for example solns of nitric acid in inert organic solvents (chlf, carbon tetrachloride, eth, nitromethane, etc), or a soln of nitric acid in phosphoric or acetic acids or in acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride or trifluoro-me thane sulfonic acid (Ref 94)... 

CjjHjoOioSi 115437-18-8) see Paclitaxel [(triethylsilyl)oxy]acetic acid ethyl ester (C oH220jSi) see Paclitaxel c -3-(triethylsilyloxy)-4-phenyl-2-azetidinone (Ci3H23N02Si) see Paclitaxel trifluoroacetic anhydride... 

As a general rule, peracetylation is most useful for compounds below Mr 2000, particularly those that have been reduced with sodium borohydride and still contain some salt. The best procedure for peracetylation is based on the method of Bourne and coworkers. Samples are dissolved in 2 1 (v/v) trifluoroacetic anhydride-acetic acid and the solutions kept for 10 min at room temperature. Reagents are removed under a stream of nitrogen, and a solution of the product in chloroform is washed with water to remove salts, and dried the peracetylated sample is dissolved in methanol for the f.a.b. analysis. 

Acetic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride have both been used in conjunction with nitric acid and zeolite (3. This system give excellent para selectivity in many cases.4 The improved selectivity is thought to occur as a result of nitration within the zeolite pores, which may restrict access to the ortho position see, e.g., Entry 7 in Scheme 11.1. 

Entry 5 is an example of nitration in acetic anhydride. An interesting aspect of this reaction is its high selectivity for the ortho position. Entry 6 is an example of the use of trifluoroacetic anhydride. Entry 7 illustrates the use of a zeolite catalyst with improved para selectivity. With mixed sulfuric and nitric acids, this reaction gives a 1.8 1 para ortho ratio. Entry 8 involves nitration using a lanthanide catalyst, whereas Entry 9 illustrates catalysis by Sc(03SCF3)3. Entry 10 shows nitration done directly with N02+BF4, and Entry 11 is also a transfer nitration. Entry 12 is an example of the use of the N02—03 nitration method. 

Preparatively useful procedures based on acetic anhydride,25 trifluoroacetic anhydride,26 and oxalyl chloride27 have been developed. The last method, known as the Swern oxidation, is currently the most popular. 

Nitration of the potassium enolates of cycloalkanones with pentyl nitrate81 or nitration of silyl enol ethers with nitronium tetrafluoroborate82 provides a method for the preparation of cyclic a-nitro ketones. Trifluoroacetyl nitrate generated from trifluoroacetic anhydride and ammonium nitrate is a mild and effective nitrating reagent for enol acetates (Eq. 2.41).83... 

The differing nucleophilicity of acetate and trifluoroacetate anion determined the manner in which naphtho[l,8-/yt]-l,5-dithiocinc sulfoxide 127 rearranged on treatment with acetic and trifluoroacetic anhydrides. In both cases, the reaction proceeded through formation of a disulfonium dication 128, but the final products were different. When acetic anhydride was used, the reaction afforded the corresponding a-acetylsulfide 130, a normal product of the Pummerer rearrangement, while trifluoroacetic anhydride caused isomerization with formation of dithioacetal 132 (see Scheme 16) <1995HAC559>. 

Several laboratories have reported that Swern oxidation of alcohols can be accompanied of a-chlorination of keto or (1-keto ester groups. Undesired electrophilic chlorination can be avoided by use of oxalyl chloride (1.05 equiv.) and DMSO (2.5 equiv.) in stoichiometric amounts or by use of acetic anhydride or trifluoroacetic anhydride in place of oxalyl chloride.1... 

Acylation The reagent catalyses the arylation of activated aromatic compounds by reaction with carboxylic acids. Thus methyl phenyl ether can be acylated with acetic acid in presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride in good yields. 

Indolylaminomethylenemalonates (681) were regioselectively cyclized on the action of acetic anhydride or trifluoroacetic anhydride in carbon tetrachloride at 10-20°C for 3 hr, to give 8-carbolines (682) in 22-75% yields (85ZOR432). 

Comparison of the derivative of p-tyramine formed when the sample is acetylated, hydrolyzed under moderately basic conditions, and reacted with TFAA (a) and when the hydrolysis is omitted (b) AA = acetic anhydride R = COCH3 TFAA = trifluoroacetic anhydride... 

Biogenic amines chloride followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride Acetic anhydride Gerhardt (2001) Baker etal. (1994)... 

Rate constants and Arrhenius parameters for the reaction of Et3Si radicals with various carbonyl compounds are available. Some data are collected in Table 5.2 [49]. The ease of addition of EtsSi radicals was found to decrease in the order 1,4-benzoquinone > cyclic diaryl ketones, benzaldehyde, benzil, perfluoro propionic anhydride > benzophenone alkyl aryl ketone, alkyl aldehyde > oxalate > benzoate, trifluoroacetate, anhydride > cyclic dialkyl ketone > acyclic dialkyl ketone > formate > acetate [49,50]. This order of reactivity was rationalized in terms of bond energy differences, stabilization of the radical formed, polar effects, and steric factors. Thus, a phenyl or acyl group adjacent to the carbonyl will stabilize the radical adduct whereas a perfluoroalkyl or acyloxy group next to the carbonyl moiety will enhance the contribution given by the canonical structure with a charge separation to the transition state (Equation 5.24). 

A modification of the Polonovski reaction where trifluoroacetic anhydride is used in place of acetic anhydride. Because the reaction conditions for the Polonovski-Potier reaction are mild, it has largely replaced the Polonovski reaction. 

Mixed anhydrides such as benzenetellurinyl acetate (PhTe(O)OAc), benzenetellurinyl trifluoroacetate (PhTe(0)OCOCF3) and benzenetellurinyl trifluoromethanesulphonate (PhTe(0)0S02CF3), prepared by reacting benzenetellurinic anhydride with acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride and trifluoromethane-sulphonic anhydride, respectively, have been recognized as valuable oxidizing reagents, in some cases superior to the parent benzenetellurinic anhydrides. ... 

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