Acetate acute metabolic effects

Estimates of exposure levels posing minimal risk to humans (Minimal Risk Levels or MRLs) have been made for 2-butoxyethanol. Insufficient data were available to estimate MRLs for 2-butoxyethanol acetate. Since 2-butoxyethanol acetate is metabolized to the same toxic metabolite as is 2-butoxyethanol, it seems likely that the MRLs for 2-butoxyethanol acetate would be similar to those of 2-butoxyethanol. An MRL is defined as an estimate of daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse effects (noncarcinogenic) over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are derived when reliable and sufficient data exist to identify the target organ(s) of effect or the most sensitive health effect(s) for a specific duration within a given route of exposure. MRLs are based on noncancerous health effects only and do not consider carcinogenic effects. MRLs can be derived for acute, intermediate, and chronic duration exposures for inhalation and oral routes. Appropriate methodology does not exist to develop MRLs for dermal exposure. 

No MRLs were derived specifically for 2-butoxyethanol acetate since human and animal data are limited. Only one acute-duration inhalation study was found in the literature (Truhaut et al. 1979). The study used only one concentration (400 ppm) administered to rats and rabbits for 4 hours. Hemoglobinuria and hematuria were observed in the rabbits but not in the rats. Similarly, only one study was found in the literature for intermediate-duration inhalation exposure (Truhaut et al. 1979). The study used only concentrations of 400 ppm for 1 month and 100 ppm for 10 months in rats and rabbits, and serious effects (hemoglobinuria, hematuria, or renal nephrosis) were observed at both concentrations. No chronic-duration inhalation exposure studies of 2-butoxyethanol acetate were found in the literature. Since 2-butoxyetlianol acetate is metabolized to the same toxic metabolite as is 2-butoxyethanol, it seems likely that the MRLs for 2-butoxyethanol acetate would be similar to those of 2-butoxyethanol. 

Platelet inhibitors are widely used in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. In addition to acetic salicylic acid (ASA), two major groups of platelet inhibitors are used phosphodiesterase inhibitors, including dipyridamole, and thienopyridines. Clopidogrel is the most widely used antiplatelet agent and in combination with ASA, it is the standard-of-care (SoC) for acute coronary s5mdromes and percutaneous coronary interventions. However, the mechanisms of action include pathways that affect the metabolic activity of bone cells and pharmacologic modulation of these pathways may have adverse effects on the bones. 

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