Renal nephrosis

Renal Effects. Acute nephrosis has been reported in humans after acute, lethal intoxication (Fazekas 1971) by methyl parathion (Wofatox). This may be a secondary effect of hypoxia related to the neurologic effects of methyl parathion on vascular smooth muscle and on the electrical conduction system of the heart. It could also be related to therapeutic efforts. 

Hepatic Renal 1000 500 (toxic nephrosis 20% of males and 17% of females, cytomegaly) ... 

Osbome-Mendel rats appeared to be the most sensitive to the renal effeets of trichloroethylene. At a dose of 500 mg/kg/day, toxic nephrosis occurred in 78% of male and 60% of female Osbome-Mendel rats, 37% of male and 45% female ACI rats, 36% of male and 63% of female Marshall rats, and 20% of male and 17% female August rats. Another chronic study revealed renal tubular nucleocytosis in 50% of male rats exposed to 250 mg/kg/day trichloroethylene for 52 weeks by oil gavage (Maltoni et al. 1986). Further explanation of these studies is in Section 2.2.2.8. 

Creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (stages III-V chronic kidney disease), diabetes mellitus (with renal insufficiency), hypertension, chronic heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis, age >75 yr, cholesterol emboli syndrome, multiple myeloma (questionable)... 

Mild to moderate nephropathy in female rats exposed to 80 or 160 mg/kg/day for 2 years, a high incidence of nephropathy in mice exposed to 590 or 1,179 mg/kg/day for 78 weeks, and nephrosis in rabbits exposed to 320 or 1,000 mg/kg/day for 12 days, indicate that hexachloroethane has an effect on the kidney that is independent of 2p-globulin (NTP 1977, 1989 Weeks et al. 1979). Thus, the public health risk for renal effects should be considered when evaluating the possible effects of human exposure to hexachloroethane at hazardous waste sites. 

Renal Effects. The kidney also is sensitive to bromomethane. Anuria and proteinuria are common signs of renal injury in acutely exposed humans (O Neal 1987 Prain and Smith 1952 Viner 1945), but dose-response data are not available. In animals, nephrosis has been noted in rats and mice exposed to 160 ppm for 2-6 weeks (Eustis et al. 1988). 

Renal Effects. Urinary output was severely reduced and uremia was present in a woman 24 hours after intentional ingestion of about 6 g of chlordane. After 9.5 days, she died autopsy revealed nephrosis of the kidneys (Derbes et al. 1955). 

Additional studies of decalin exposure in rats have characterized the specific sequence of renal alterations first the variable occurrence of light-microscopically evident proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell necrosis, presumably a reflection of cellular injury associated with excessive protein accumulation (hyaline droplets) then the occurrence of granular casts at the junction of the inner and outer bands of the outer zone of the medulla and finally, chronic nephrosis, occurring secondary to tubular obstruction by granular casts. It is not... 

Exposure of female rats to 2 000 ppm for 8 hours caused narcosis, and 7 of 12 rats died however, male rats survived the same treatment, as did both sexes of one other strain of rats. Damage to the lungs, liver, and kidneys was observed at autopsy. Repeated exposures to rats over 30 days resulted in increased liver and kidney weights at 920 and 530ppm, but there were no effects at 125 ppm. Renal hyalin droplet nephrosis was seen in male rats exposed to 905 and 300ppm 6 hours/day for 9 days the significance of this effect to humans is questionable. ... 

Increased renal weights and tubular nephrosis were found in male rats but not females treated for 90 days at 10 or 3 mg/... 

Decreased in uremia and nephrosis. Decreased in CHF. Somewhat delayed after IM administration. Prolonged in renal disease. ... 

Patients receiving spironolactone or amiloride anuria severe hepatic disease hyperkalemia hypersensitivity to triamterene severe or progressive kidney disease or dysfunction, with the possible exception of nephrosis preexisting elevated serum potassium (impaired renal function, azotemia) or patients who develop hyperkalemia while on triamterene. 

Wapstra FH, Van Goor H, Navis G et al. (1996) Antiproteinuric effect predicts renal protection by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in rats with established adriamycin nephrosis. Clin Sci 90 339-340... 

In cases of acute biliary nephrosis, histological investigation reveals swellings of the tubular cells and bilirubin renal casts. This is due... 

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