Accumulator organisms

Available Chlorine Test. The chlorine germicidal equivalent concentration test is a practical-type test. It is called a capacity test. Under practical conditions of use, a container of disinfectant might receive many soiled, contaminated instniments or other items to be disinfected. Eventually, the capacity of the disinfectant to serve its function would be overloaded due to reaction with the accumulated organic matter and organisms. The chlorine germicidal equivalent concentration test compares the load of a culture of bacteria that a concentration of a disinfectant will absorb and still kill bacteria, as compared to standard concentrations of sodium hypochlorite tested similarly. In the test, 10 successive additions of the test culture are added to each of 3 concentrations of the hypochlorite. One min after each addition a sample is transferred to the subculture medium and the next addition is made 1.5 min after the previous one. The disinfectant is then evaluated in a manner similar to the phenol coefficient test. For equivalence, the disinfectant must yield the same number of negative tubes as one of the chlorine standards. 

From this group of microorganisms, so far only Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been transformed to a poly(3HB) accumulating organism by expressing solely phflCRe in the cytoplasm ([137], Table 4). In contrast to E. coli and plants, which synthesize poly(3HB) only if a /3-ketothiolase and an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase... 

Panswad T, Iamsamer K, Anotai J (2001) Decolorization of azo reactive dye by polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic aerobic sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 76 151-159... 

Xs = slowly biodegradable substrate XAUT = autotrophic, nitrifying biomass XpHA = stored polyhydroxyalkanoate XPA0 = phosphorus-accumulating organisms... 

Candidate gene Metal tolerance Metal accumulation Organics tolerance Organics metabolism... 

One of the more efficient solid sorbents, Amberlite XAD-2 resin, has been used to accumulate organic materials from fourteen raw and finished waters (26). 

Solid sorbent procedures are currently being compared to reverse osmosis techniques f25) for accumulating organic materials for bioassays but results are not yet available. The apparent and unexplained correlation between the accumulation of mutagenic and gas chromatographable material from water is also being investigated. 

Synthetic Polymers for Accumulating Organic Compounds from Water... 

THE USE OF SYNTHETIC POLYMERS to accumulate organic components from water for analytical and bioassay purposes is reviewed in this chapter. This review is given perspective by including a brief history of adsorption chromatography, the use of activated carbons in water research, and the recent introduction of bonded phases for aqueous sample preparations. 

SIMPLICITY. No complicated equipment is needed for the implementation of solid adsorbents to accumulate organic compounds from water. The procedure is identical to gravity flow adsorption chromatography used for decades by many chemists to remove extraneous material from liquid samples in a process called sample cleanup. The simplicity of this procedure with the reduced sample manipulations minimizes solute losses and sample contamination. 

The use of synthetic polymers and bonded phases to accumulate organic compounds from water for subsequent analytical and/or bioassay applications is summarized in this section. 

Polymer Use. The use of different synthetic polymers for accumulating organic components from water is represented by the distribution chart shown in Figure 2. The popularity of the XAD resins is evident. The distribution was calculated from the review of more than... 

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