Access modifier

All object-oriented programming languages provide a feature called access modifier that facilitates separations between the interfaces and the implementations of an object. The way to achieve this result is to define member variables of the object as private or protected and define methods that provide services to the object s client as public. Only the public elements of an object can be accessed by its clients, and these are all that its clients care to know. In Java and C, we can go even further by creating interfaces that have only method signatures. The implementations of these methods are provided by the classes that implement these interfaces. Although there is no interface in C + +, you can, however, create an abstract class by declaring one or more of the class s methods as pure virtual. Abstract class is also supported by Java and C. Interfaces and abstract classes are useful software constructs for defining abstractions in a software system. 

The CheshireManager s constructor has no access modifier it cannot be instantiated outside its package. Its client can acquire it only through its factory object, which makes sure its instantiation is controlled. The constructor calls the private init() method. The init() method initializes a CheshireJNI object(cheshireJni), a CheshireUtil object(cheshireUtil), a CheshireReturn object(cheshireReturn), and a Cheshire id(cCatld). The init() method makes sure the creation of these objects is successful. Otherwise it throws exceptions. Lastly, the init() method loads the Cheshire scripts that it needs to do its works from the file system. At this point, the CheshireManager is ready to receive service calls. 

The NMR frequencies at two times separated by the time tm, and thus the corresponding orientations [cf. Eq. (15)] are correlated via cosine functions. The correlation function CSin(fm tp), where the cosine functions are replaced by sine functions, may also be accessible modifying pulse lengths and pulse phases in an appropriate way. This is possible for both CSA and Q interactions. Rotational jumps of the molecules during the mixing time tm lead to 0)>(0) / tm), and hence to a decay of CCOSjSin(fm tp). Therefore, these correlation functions provide access to the details of the molecular reorientation dynamics. 

Perl J, Wald R, McFarlane P, et al Hemodialysis vascular access modifies the association between dialysis modality and survival. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011 22 1113-1121. 

Versatile [3 + 2]-cydoaddition pathways to five-membered carbocydes involve the trimethylenemethane (= 2-methylene-propanediyl) synthon (B.M. Trost, 1986). Palladium(0)-induced 1,3-elimination at suitable reagents generates a reactive n -2-methylene-l,3-propa-nediyl complex which reacts highly diastereoselectively with electron-deficient olefins. The resulting methylenecyclopentanes are easily modified, e. g., by ozonolysis, hydroboration etc., and thus a large variety of interesting cyclopcntane derivatives is accessible. 

Conventional triorganophosphite ligands, such as triphenylphosphite, form highly active hydroformylation catalysts (95—99) however, they suffer from poor durabiUty because of decomposition. Diorganophosphite-modified rhodium catalysts (94,100,101), have overcome this stabiUty deficiency and provide a low pressure, rhodium catalyzed process for the hydroformylation of low reactivity olefins, thus making lower cost amyl alcohols from butenes readily accessible. The new diorganophosphite-modified rhodium catalysts increase hydroformylation rates by more than 100 times and provide selectivities not available with standard phosphine catalysts. For example, hydroformylation of 2-butene with l,l -biphenyl-2,2 -diyl... 

Sampling locations for the unit test should be readily and safely accessible. The sample gatherer should be able to easily access the sample point. An isolation valve should be installed at the location. If a blind is installed, this should be modified in advance of the test. The sample locations shown on the P IDs must be compared against the actual locations on the equipment. Experienced operators may provide insight into the suitability of the location in question. 

Each HASP should address only one worksite. Copies should be maintained at the worksite, readily accessible and placed in an appropriate location. A HASP should be developed prior to any preliminary worksite assessment. Information from this assessment can be used to modify the HASP to reflect subsequent worksite activities. In general, the HASP is based on hazard analyses and should be updated periodically to reflect the ever-changing worksite conditions and activities as the project progresses. 

The original nonconformity report should indicate the nature of the nonconformity but after rework, or completion of operations, the nonconformity will have been eliminated. Where the nonconformity was accepted as is without rework, repair, or changing the specification then the actual condition is the original condition and this can be specified by the original nonconformity report. If the product has to be repaired or modified, the actual condition can be specified by the repair, salvage, or modification scheme, which is usually a separate document and can either be detailed on the nonconformity report or cross referenced to it. A lot of time can be saved if this information is readily accessible when problems arise later. 

In their general synthesis of quinoline-2,5,8(lf/)-triones, Avendano and coworkers use this modified protocol to access the key 2,5-dimethoxyanilide systems 11 required in their synthetic plan." For more examples, see reference 11 and references cited within. 

Grafting presents a means of modifying the cellulose molecule through the creation of branches of synthetic polymers, which impart to the cellulose certain desirable properties without destroying the properties of cellulose. The polymerization of vinyl monomers may be initiated by free radicals or by certain ions. Depending on the monomer, one or the other type of initiation may be preferred. The grafting process depends on the reactivity of the monomer used, the type of initiation, and cellulose accessibility [1,2]. 

Attempting to modify structure or services to accommodate structural idiosyncrasies later is always problematic. Protection and isolation of existing facilities from the disruption of construction should be resolved early in the design. The reconciliation of building and production activities is never easy, but early planning for construction traffic, personnel, site screening, security, site access and site communications can minimize these adverse effects. 

The investigation of the stability of P -alumina in ZEBRA cells, which always contain some iron, showed an increase of resistance under certain extreme conditions of temperature (370 °C) and of voltage. This is related to the interaction of the P alumina with iron and it was shown that iron enters / -alumina in the presence of an electric field when current is passing, if the cell is deliberately overheated. However, it was found that only the P -phase but not the P"-phase was modified by the incursion of iron. The resistance of the iron-doped regions was high. It was shown that the addition of NaF inhibits access of the iron to the / " -alumina ceramic. By doping practical cells these difficulties have now been overcome and lifetime experiments show that the stability of / "-alumina electrolytes are excellent in ZEBRA cells. 

A database (or data base) is a collection of data that is organised so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and modified by a computer. The most prevalent type of database is the relational database which organises the data in tables multiple relations can be mathematically defined between the rows and columns of each table to yield the desired information. An object-oriented database stores data in the form of obj ects which are organised in hierarchical classes that may inherit properties from classes higher in the tree structure. 

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