Accelerating parameters

Square nodes in the ANFIS structure denote parameter sets of the membership functions of the TSK fuzzy system. Circular nodes are static/non-modifiable and perform operations such as product or max/min calculations. A hybrid learning rule is used to accelerate parameter adaption. This uses sequential least squares in the forward pass to identify consequent parameters, and back-propagation in the backward pass to establish the premise parameters. 

The development of medium and high density polyethylene pressure pipes over the last thirty years has led to an extensive database on their stress-rupture behaviour, with associated standards for their testing and the interpretation of results [1, 2], Various forms of PVC are also used. The accelerated testing of gas and water pipes is introduced as an example of a field where there is a large database of pressure testing on which current regulations are based, the number of polymers is limited and accelerated tests are widely used (unusually, with two accelerating parameters). 

Next, two main issues are discussed. First, Fig. 12c compares the noise of CG-KMC to that obtained from i-leaping as a function of coverage, obtained by varying the fluid chemical potential, for various values of the acceleration parameter e. At relatively small bundle sizes compared to the coarse cell size q, the r-leap CG-KMC method gives very good results in both the expected value... 

Accelerating Parameters. Voltage stress emerged as the condition most influential in accelerating tree growth. Average voltcige stresses of 2, 3.4, 5.0 and... 

To date, four different accelerated parameters or a combination of these parameters have been employed in accelerated life testing (1) elevated temperature, (2) reduced humidity, (3) open circuit voltage (OCV), and (4) cycling relative humidity (RH), temperature, potential, freeze/thaw, or start/stop conditions. 

Photon activation analysis, as well as other instrumental techniques, is generally quantified by comparison of activities in the sample with those in a reference material of known elemental composition that was irradiated simultaneously. In photon activation analysis this is necessary particularly because some accelerator parameters and nuclear data for the photoreactions involved are either unknown or not precisely determinable. In addition, some machine parameters of the accelerator cannot be assumed constant throughout the exposure period and might show uncontrolled variation. The use of... 

Other film dosimeters. Colorless PVC foils are used at electron accelerators to monitor the irradiation process and the accelerator parameters (like scan width and beam spot). In these materials unsaturated chemical bonds form upon irradiation and the optical absorption of these new species can be measured by spectrophotometry at 395 nm in the dose range of 0.5-60 kGy (Artandi and Stonehill 1958). It is important to mention, however, that due to various factors (environmental effects on the response, dose rate effects, batch-to-batch variation, etc.) these films should not be considered and used as dosimeters, but only as dose indicators. 

Sds = design, 5 percent damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods... 

Smi = the maximum considered earthquake (risk-targeted), 5 percent damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second adjusted for site class effects r = the fundamental period of the structure, seconds Ti = long-period transition period, seconds (see Figure 4-8)... 

Four criteria factors used in the Strongly Implicit Procedure package in MODFLOW for solution are 1. the error criterion is set at 0.001 2. the acceleration parameter is 1.0 3. the maximum number of iterations equals 50 4. a seed of 0.001 is specified for use in calculating the iteration parameter. The well is pumped at a constant rate of 2,450 mVd for a one-day stress period. 

Elenas A (2000) Correlation between seismic acceleration parameters and overall structural damage indices of buildings. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 20(1 ) 93-100 Erberik MA (2008) Generation of fragility curves for Turkish masonry buildings considering in-plane failure modes. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 37 387 05... 

The code in Listing 12.22 provides for such an over-relaxation parameter as an input value. This can greatly accelerates the convergence rate and begins to give a practical iterative algorithm. However the selection of the most appropriate value of the acceleration parameter is not a straightforward task and some discussion of a selection method follows. 

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