Absorption of radiation energy

The electromagnetic spectrum measures the absorption of radiation energy as a function of the frequency of the radiation. The loss spectrum measures the absorption of mechanical energy as a function of the frequency of the stress-strain oscillation. 

Total Ionization—The total electric charge of one sign on the ions produced by radiation in the process of losing its kinetic energy. For a given gas, the total ionization is closely proportional to the initial ionization and is nearly independent of the nature of the ionizing radiation. It is frequently used as a measure of absorption of radiation energy. 

RADIATION-SENSITIVE GROUPS. Although the absorption of radiation energy is dependent only on the electron density of the substrate and therefore occurs spatially at random on a molecular scale, the subsequent chemical changes are not random. Some chemical bonds and groups are particularly sensitive to radiation-induced reactions. They include COOH, C-Hal, -SO2-, NHz, C=C. Spatial specificity of chemical reaction may result from intramolecular or intermolecular migration of energy or of reactive species -free radicals or ions. 

Dose" as defined here refers to the absorption of radiation energy by human tissue. Higher doses correspond to higher potential for adverse health effects, as described in Chapter 3. The terms dose and exposure are often used interchangeably. 

Usually co r and e" = co2r/co3 [16]. Absorption of radiation energy by conductivity electrons is [14]... 

Absorption of radiation energy may lead to dissociation of the absorbing molecule. In fact, in most of photochemical reactions involving molecules, the primary step is usually dissociation of some molecules into atoms, simple molecules or free radicals, which by further interaction either with each other or with different molecules continue the reaction sequence. The primary photochemical stage is dissociation. The secondary reaction proceeds by thermal means. 

This tells us that we must control the number of activator centers per cubic centimeter of crystal host or we will get a 2 => 3 transition ly exchange of resonance energy or by direct absorption of radiated energy... 

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). An analytical method for the determination of elements in small quantities. It is based on the absorption of radiation energy by free atoms. 

Absorption of radiation energy from the tank wails... 

Two approaches are available for estimating the surface emitted power the point source and solid plume radiation models. The point source is based on the total combustion energy release rate while the solid plume radiation model uses measured thermal fluxes from pool fires of various materials (compiled in TNO, 1979). Both these methods include smoke absorption of radiated energy (that process converts radiation into convection). Typical measured surface emitted fluxes from pool fires arc given by Raj (1977), Mudan (1984), and Considine (1984). LPG and LNG fires radiate up to 250 kW/m (79,000 Btu/hr-ft ). Upper values for other hydrocarbon pool fires lie in the range 110-170 kW/m (35,000-54,000 Btu/hr- ), but smoke obscuration often reduces this to 20-60 kW/m ( 6300-19,000 Btu/hr-ft ). 

Talroze, V. L. Person, M. L. Wm-rrAL, R. M. Walls, F. C. Burlingame, A. L. Baldwin, M. A. Insight into absorption of radiation/energy transfer in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization The roles of matrices, water and metal substrates. Rapid Common. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 21914-22198. 

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