Radiating energy transfer

We give two examples. The Tb3+ ion in YAI3B4O12 caimot be excited by 254 nm radiation (from a low-pressure mercury lamp), because Tb3+ in this lattice does not absorb this radiation. Ce3+ in YAI3B4O12, however, does absorb this radiation. Energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ occurs so that excitation into the Ce3+ ion is followed by Tb3+ emission 85). 

We shall employ a simplified analysis of the ablation problem utilizing the coordinate system and nomenclature shown in Fig. 12-18. The solid wall is exposed to a constant heat flux of (q/A)0 at the surface. This heat flux may result from combined convection- and radiation-energy transfer from the highspeed boundary layer. As a result of the high-heat flux the solid body melts, and a portion of the surface is removed at the ablation velocity V . We assume that a steady-state situation is attained so that the surface ablates at a constant... 

Our starting point is the balance of radiation energy (transfer equation), obtained from the average of Eq. (10.5) over the wavelength spectrum,... 

Recenriy Haigler et al. (1985) showed that an intersubunit disulfide bridge is responsible for radiation energy transfer in dimeric ricin. How-... 

Figure 32.11 Data from Lee, D.W. and Kingery W.D. (1960) Radiation energy transfer and thermal conductivity of ceramic oxides , J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 43, 594. Figure 32.12 Data from Kingery, W.D., Bowen, H.K., and Uhlmann, D.R. (1976) Introduction to Ceramics Ed., Wiley, New York, p. 657.

Figure 34.3 Data from Berman, R. (1951) The Thermal Conductivities of Some Dielectric Solids at Low Temperatures—Experimental , Proc. R. Soc. Land A 208, 90 and Lee, D.W and Kingery, WD. (1960) Radiation Energy Transfer and Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic Oxides ,...

Talroze, V. L. Person, M. L. Wm-rrAL, R. M. Walls, F. C. Burlingame, A. L. Baldwin, M. A. Insight into absorption of radiation/energy transfer in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization The roles of matrices, water and metal substrates. Rapid Common. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 21914-22198. 

In the case of polarized, but otherwise incoherent statistical radiation, one finds a rate constant for radiative energy transfer between initial molecular quantum states i and final states f... 

Phosphors usually contain activator ions in addition to the host material. These ions are dehberately added in the proper proportion during the synthesis. The activators and their surrounding ions form the active optical centers. Table 1 Hsts some commonly used activator ions. Some soflds, made up of complexes such as calcium tungstate [7790-75-2] CaWO, are self-activated. Also in many photolurninescence phosphors, the primary activator does not efficiently absorb the exciting radiation and a second impurity ion is introduced known as the sensitizer. The sensitizer, which is an activator ion itself, absorbs the exciting radiation and transfers this energy to the primary activator. 

Nonradiative energy transfer is induced by an interaction between the state of the system, in which the sensitizer is in the excited state and the activator in the ground state, and the state in which the activator is in the excited and the sensitizer in the ground state. In the presence of radiative decay, nonradiative decay, and energy transfer the emission of radiation from a single sensitizer ion decays exponentially with time, /. 

Modulation of the Killing of Mammalian Cells by Thiols. Important aspects of the effects of exogenous thiols on clonogenic cell survival following exposure to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiations include the following. 

IONIZING RADIATION The transfer of energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves of a wavelength of 100 nanometers or less or a frequency of 3 x 10 hertz or more capable of producing ions directly or indirectly. 

Total heat transfer consists of radiation at different frequencies. The distribution of radiation energy in a spectrum and its dependency on temperature is determined from Planck s law of radiation. M ,and are the spectral radiation intensities for a blackbody ... 

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