Abrupt reduction

Where air bubbles and other gases are entrained in turbulent FW and an abrupt reduction in pressure takes place, cavitation may occur. The result of the extremely rapid formation and collapse of steam bubbles on the suction side of feed pumps or the discharge side of valves produces erosive microjets that over time may promote severe cavitation-al metal wastage. 

The blends prepared by cooling in ice, water, and air are not very different. However, all the press-cooled samples show an abrupt reduction in strength. 

Thus, in the scheme shown in Figure 5.8, more preferable stages are those considered to be more highly exothermal and displaying abrupt reduction of standard Gibbs energy. 

In order to confirm this assumption, studies of the liquid flow through a foam upon abrupt reduction of pressure in both filter spaces (pressure dump ) were performed. This was... 

Several of these adsorbates, while forming surface alloys at low coverage on Cu 100 exhibit a tendancy to undergo de-alloying transitions. Dealloying refers to a reversal of the surface alloy formation process and consists of either a gradual or abrupt reduction of the concentration of adsorbate located in substitutional sites in the first substrate layer and formation of an overlayer structure above an unreconstructed substrate. Two systems have been studied in some detail Cu 100 /PbandCu 100 /Bi. 

Thus, one can identify at least three factors that increase the longterm strength of Sprut-5M adhesive at the stage of formation of the polyurethane network but which have no further effect after the adhesive cures completely. Actually, in this state of the adhesive there is no indication of the structure that is observed with the orientation of the molecular chains there is an abrupt reduction of the opportunity for macroradicals to recombine and for the submicrocracks to be filled. At this stage of curing, despite some decrease of the long-term strength under a load of 50% of the fracture load, the Sprut-5M adhesive has much better resistance to the effect of constant loads than does the polyester adhesive (see Fig. 3.2, curve 1 (after 102 days) and curve 4). 

The reactor may be adversely affected by events that lead to an abrupt reduction of the coolant flow when there is a risk of a significant mismatch between flow rate and power. These events include MCP seizure, tripping of one or several MCPs, failure of the MCP throttling control valve in the closed position and break-off of the DGH check valve disc. Startup of an idle MCP is a routine action with no hazard to the reactor facility. 

Such change of the leather tissue density is apparently associated with the fact that molecular weight of collagen decreases and denser packing of structural elements (frequently, more ordered) becomes easier. This is testified by observed increase of real density of the leather tissue and abrupt reduction of its porosity with increasing duration of microbiological impact on both leather tissue of the rawhide and tanned semi-product. The system packing observed leads to leather tissue thickness reduction [10],... 

To illustrate the role of variable Pb kinetic compartments, lead workers who encounter abrupt reductions in Pb exposure through retirement, change in workplace Pb exposures, or job actions continue to show the first, rapid kinetic component. Subsequently, workers will show slow decline rates reflecting bone Pb releases. The latter would reflect employment histories and severity of Pb exposures. Nilsson et al. (1991) reported the half-life of the first, fast kinetic component in these workers to be as short as 7 days (Gerhardsson et al., 1995 Nilsson et al., 1991). 

After peak load has been attained, there is an abrupt reduction of the bearing capacity, meaning that the masonry loses almost all resistance with no increment of displacement. The pre-peak regime is characterized by an elastic range with only a small nonlinearity very close to the peak load. 

Low-cycle fatigue tests were carried out under strain control conditions at a frequency of 0.8 Hz and an i -ratio of 0.8. A characteristic response similar to the effect of lead concentration on plasticity described in the previous section was also observed in the case of low-cycle fatigue. That is, an abrupt reduction in fatigue life was observed with just a 0.1% Pb addition, but then the fatigue life progressively improved with increased Pb additions up to the maximum level tested (0.5% Pb). The fatigue life of the 0.5% Pb alloy was found to be nearly equivalent to the unleaded benchmark alloy [74]. 

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