Abalones

Horiguchi, T., Kojima, M., and Kaya, M. et al. (2002). Tribntyltin and triphenyltin induce spermatogenesis in ovary of female abalone, Haliotis gigantea. Marine Environmental Research 54, 679-684. 

Abalone, squid, salmon roe, orange, kiwifruit, beef, walnut, salmon, mackerel, soybean, chicken, banana, pork, Matsutake mushroom, peach, yam, apple, and gelatin... 

In cases with high-grade food ingredients such as abalone, salmon roe, and mushroom mixed in very small quantities, a declaration such as "contains xxx extract" is required so as not to mislead consumers. 

Taurine is generally prepared from ox bile1 or the large muscle of the abalone.2 It has been synthesized from isethionic add through chloroethanesulfonic acid followed by the action of aqueous ammonia 3 from ethyleneimine and sulfur dioxide 4 from 2-mercaptothiazoline by oxidation with bromine water 5 from bromoethylamine and ammonium sulfite 6 and from acetaldehyde by a complex set of reactions involving sulfonation, formation of the aldehyde ammonia and the imido sulfonic add and finally reduction.7 The method given in the procedure has recently appeared in the literature.8 9... 

The final step is a hydrolyzing step with sulfatase enzymes (E.C. number 3.1.6.1), such as limpet sulfatase, Aerobacter aerogenes sulfatase, Abalone entrail sulfatase, or Helixpomatia sulfatase. This step was suggested to be carried out in a CSTR or fluidized bed reactors, with counter-current flow between the aqueous and the oil phase. A more efficient removal of the sulfate into the aqueous stream is expected to occur in this cross-flow manner. A final separation of the reacting mixture was suggested to obtain sulfur-free product and aqueous enzyme solution for recycle. 

Anderlini, V. 1974. The distribution of heavy metals in the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, on the California coast. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2 253-265. 

Stewart, J. and M. Schulz-Baldes. 1976. Long-term lead accumulation in abalone (Haliotis spp.) fed on lead-treated brown algae (Egregia laevigata). Mar. Biol. 36 19-24. 

United Kingdom shell vs. soft parts Red abalone, Haliotis rufescens California ... 

Abalone, Haliotis tubercuiata soft parts England 13.6-15.9 DW 14... 

Hunt, J.W. and B.S. Anderson. 1989. Sublethal effects of zinc and municipal effluents on larvae of the red abalone Haliotis rufescens. Mar. Biol. 101 545-552. 

AATCC Buyer s Guide, 9 359 Abaca, 11 295 uses of, 11 299t Abalone, aquaculture, 3 189 Abbe, Ernst, 16 471-473, 489 Abbe constant, of vitreous silica, 22 432 Abbokinase, 5 177... 

The shells of molluscs, such as clam, oyster abalone, scallop and fresh water snail, use CaC03 as the principal constituent for an extraordinary array of diverse structures. Several approaches have led, and will lead further in the future, to a greater understanding of how these complex forms are generated. 

Case-Western Reserve University, http abalone.cwru.edu/tutorial/enhanses/main.htm... 

Only nine allergic reactions to cuttlefish have been described (Caffarelli et ah, 1996 Ebisawa et ah, 2003 Shibasaki et ah, 1989). One patient was a 10-year-old female who experienced a severe reaction to ingestion of cuttlefish that was manifested by urticaria, angioedema, asthma, abdominal pain, laryngeal edema, and hypotension (Shibasaki et ah, 1989). SPT and RAST were positive. This patient reportedly tolerated octopus, clam, oyster, abalone, mussel, and scallop but reacted to crab and shrimp. Caffarelli et ah (1996) describe a 14-year-old female who had cuttlefish-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Ebisawa et ah (2003) reported 7 cases of allergy to cuttlefish among a series of 305 pediatric cases of food allergy but provided no specifics on the circumstances or symptoms of these patients. 

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