A-Trichosanthin

Tobacco mosaic virus CP replacement, Second subgenomic promoter (sgp), CP fusion, Readthrough fusion with CP, fusion with cleavage site, fusion with CtxB malaria, rabies virus, M HV, FMDV, HCV, BHV-1, Ps. aeruginosa, neuropeptide, TMOF, allergens, MABs, a-trichosanthin, cytokines a-galactosidase-A, scFvs 11, 16,17, 52, 59-61... 

Several plant viral vectors have been used to successfully produce vaccines and therapeutic proteins in plants. TMV-based expression vectors represent one of the more successful examples and have produced a wide array of therapeutic proteins such as a-trichosanthin, tumor-specific single-chain antibodies, and a number of vaccine antigens (Table 4.1) (Dalsgaard et al., 1997). More recent examples of plant viral expression vectors utilized for vaccine production are provided in detail in Koprowski and Yusibov (2001), Pogue et al. (2002), and Canizares et al. (2005). 

A series of proteins, i.e., a-trichosanthin (a-TCS) isolated from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii, MAP30 isolated from the seeds and fruits of the bitter melon Momordica charantia, GAP31 from Euphorbiaceae himalaya seeds (Gelonium multiflorum), and DAP30 and DAP32 from carnation leaves (Dianthus caryophyllus), have been described to inhibit HIV infection,... 

Chow TP, Feldman RA, Lovett M, Piatak M (1990) Isolation and DNA sequence of a gene encoding a-trichosanthin, a type 1 ribosome inactivating protein. J Biol Chem 265 8670-8674... 

Bhatia, N., McDonald, K. A., Jackman, A. P., and Dandekar, A. M, A simplified procedure for the purification of trichosanthin (a type 1 ribosome inactivating protein) from Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers, Prot. Purif. Expression, 7, 143, 1996. 

Tobacco expressing interleukin-10 is currently being studied as a potential treatment for Crohn s disease. Similarly, trichosanthin (a ribosome inactivator used to inhibit HIV infection) and angiotensin have been expressed in plants. Hirudin (antithrombin) is commercially expressed in plants (Parmenter et al., 1995 Prakash, 1996). 

Kumangai, M.H., Turpen, T.H., Weinzenttl, N., della-Cioppa, G., Turpen, A.M., and Donson, J. (1993). Rapid, high-level expression of biologically active alpha-trichosanthin in transfected plants by an RNA viral vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 427-430. 

Similar toxic RIPs are found in other plants. Examples are trichosanthin, a type I toxin from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Cucurbitaceae), abrin, a type II toxin from the small brightly coloured red and black jequirity seeds (Abrus precatorius Leguminosae/Fabaceae), and viscumin, a type II toxin from the leaf and stems of mistletoe (Viscum album, Loranthaceae). 

Trichosanthin, karasurin, karasurin-A, karasurin-B and C L-citrullin, L-arginin, tryptophan... 

Byers VS, Levin AS, Waites LA, Star re tt BA, Mayer RA, Clogg JA, Price MR, Robins RA, Delaney M, Baldwin RW (1990) A phase I/II study of trichosanthin treatment of HIV disease. AIDS 4 1189-1196... 

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