A”-symbol

A structure descriptor is a mathematical representation of a molecule resulting from a procedure transforming the structural information encoded within a symbolic representation of a molecule. This mathematical representation has to be invariant to the molecule s size and number of atoms, to allow model building with statistical methods and artificial neural networks. 

A structure descriptor is a mathematical representation of a molecule resulting from a procedure transforming the structural information encoded within a symbolic representation of a molecule. 

Let us now assemble the complete set of dimensionless parameters for the problem. These are set out in Table 11.1, where the last column indicates the nature of their dependence on the external pressure p, the mean pore diameter and the pellet radius a. Symbols ft and 0... 

The atomic symbol is one or two letters chosen to represent an element ("H" for "hydrogen," etc.). These symbols are used internationally. Typically, a symbol is the truncated name of the element or the truncated Latin name of the element. Click here for... 

A symbol used to indicate a retrosynthetic step is an open arrow written from prod uct to suitable precursors or fragments of those precursors... 

Molar concentrations are used so frequently that a symbolic notation is often used to simplify its expression in equations and writing. The use of square brackets around a species indicates that we are referring to that species molar concentration. Thus, [Na ] is read as the molar concentration of sodium ions. ... 

A period is not placed after a symbol unless the symbol is at the end of a sentence. 

The plural form of a symbol is the same as the singular. Plurals of unit names are formed by adding an "s", except in henries hertz, lux, and siemens are not changed. 

An exponent attached to a symbol containing a prefix indicates that the multiple of the unit is raised to the power expressed by the exponent, eg,... 

A trademark may be Hcensed, but special rules apply to such licensing because of the nature and function of the trademark right. Thus the pubHc has an iaterest ia the mark as a symbol of origin of the goods or services ia the owaer and should be able to rely on the mark as iadicating the character and quaHty of the goods or services that the owner controls. Essential, therefore, to a vaHd Hcense is provision for the Hcensor to control the nature and quaHty... 

FIG. 6 Lateral density distribution of oxygen atoms in the first (left) and second layer (right) on Hg(lll). A symbol is plotted at time intervals of 0.1 ps. 

Operational sequence diagrams are flcw-charting techniques that represent any sequence of control movements and information collection activities that are executed in order to perform a task. Various activities in the diagram are represented with a symbolic notation, supported where necessary by a text description. For the majority of simple applications, OSDs assume a linear flow drawn from top to bottom with a limited degree of branching and looping. The symbols used are usually tailored to fit the type of task being studied and its level of analysis. 

FIGURE 24.10 The /3-oxidation of saturated fatty acids involves a cycle of fonr enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Each cycle produces single molecnles of FADH, NADH, and acetyl-CoA and yields a fatty acid shortened by two carbons. (The delta [A] symbol connotes a double bond, and its superscript indicates the lower-nnmbered carbon involved.)... 

I also have introduced a symbol [R] to highlight review articles, book chapters and books dedicated to the respective name reactions. 

Statements. Most statements, except where noted otherwise, begin in the seventh column of a page considered to be 80 columns w ide continuation linen are indicated by a + (symbol may vary with version of language) in the sixth column. The first five columns are reserved for labels (line numbers), which are only required if the line is referenced by another statement, and for comment lines, which are determined by a character in the first column. Columns 7 to 72 are reserved for statements 7.S-80 are not read. (See Table 1-24 for required order of statements in FORTRAN.)... 

It may also be represented as a hexagon with a circle in the middle. The circle is a symbol of the n cloud encircling the benzene ring. The delocalized electrons associated with the benzene ring impart very special properties to aromatic hydrocarbons. They have chemical properties of single-bond compounds such as paraffin hydrocarbons and doublebond compounds such as olefins, as well as many properties of their own. 

Visual aids are developed from the planning schedule, in that assets and asset numbers are repeated and service visits indicated by a symbol. Hence, the estimated manhours for the specific task per frequency are not displayed for general review. 

Having a complete description of the dynamics of / [0,1] —t [0,1] is equivalent to knowing all orbits X xq) = xq,x, X2,. .. for all initial points xq. An n -order coarse-grained description of the same dynamics may be obtained by (i) partitioning the unit interval into n (not necessarily equal sized) bins, each of which is labeled with a symbol G 0,1,..., n - 1, and (ii) replacing each point, Xi G X xq), of an orbit by the symbol fti, corresponding to the bin in which that point is situated ... 

Now is the time to dust off the algebra and put it to work. Suppose we designate the solubility of cuprous chloride in water by a symbol, s. This symbol s equals the number of moles of solid cuprous chloride that dissolve in one liter of water. Remembering equation (23), we see that s moles of solid cuprous chloride will produce s moles of cuprous ion, Cu+, and s moles of chloride ion, Cl-. Hence these concentrations must be equal, as shown below. 

Discrete Memoryless Source.—Consider a source that produces a symbol once every Tt seconds from a finite alphabet containing M symbols. Denote the symbols in the alphabet by ultu2, , uM. Let p — Pr(%), p2 = Pr( 2), -, pM = Pr(uM) be a probability measure defined on the symbols of the alphabet. Let... 

The most important characteristic of self information is that it is a discrete random variable that is, it is a real valued function of a symbol in a discrete ensemble. As a result, it has a distribution function, an average, a variance, and in fact moments of all orders. The average value of self information has such a fundamental importance in information theory that it is given a special symbol, H, and the name entropy. Thus... 

The general vector in Fock space may have components in some or all of the Hilbert subspaces, which means that it is now possible to consider states in which there is a superposition of different populations. Thus, we may represent the Fock space vector at an arbitrary time t by a symbol and expand this state in terms of its components in each subspace ... 

In general we avoid the use of circles as a symbol for 6-conjugated electrons in cyclic compounds because circles are often used incorrectly (e. g. naphthalene with two circles). Formulas 4.2 and 4.4 are exceptions to this policy, because they were originally proposed in this form by the respective authors. 

The colors of the acid and base forms shown on the right are only a symbolic representation of the actual colors. 

We report the structure of a cell in a symbolic cell diagram, by using the conventions specified by IUPAC and used by chemists throughout the world. The diagram for the Daniell cell, for instance, is... 

The most common states of a pure substance are solid, liquid, or gas (vapor), state property See state function. state symbol A symbol (abbreviation) denoting the state of a species. Examples s (solid) I (liquid) g (gas) aq (aqueous solution), statistical entropy The entropy calculated from statistical thermodynamics S = k In W. statistical thermodynamics The interpretation of the laws of thermodynamics in terms of the behavior of large numbers of atoms and molecules, steady-state approximation The assumption that the net rate of formation of reaction intermediates is 0. Stefan-Boltzmann law The total intensity of radiation emitted by a heated black body is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature, stereoisomers Isomers in which atoms have the same partners arranged differently in space, stereoregular polymer A polymer in which each unit or pair of repeating units has the same relative orientation, steric factor (P) An empirical factor that takes into account the steric requirement of a reaction, steric requirement A constraint on an elementary reaction in which the successful collision of two molecules depends on their relative orientation. 

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