A qualitative approach

Potentially Toxic Trace Elements - A Qualitative Approach... 

The advantage of a qualitative approach is that it can usually be accomplished more quickly than a quantitative study, with lower overall resource requirements. In addition, qualitative analysis methods are less narrowly focused than are quantitative methods, thus increasing the likelihood of identifying and evaluating a broad spectrum of hazards. Qualitative analysis often constitutes the basis, or starting point, for quantitative studies. 

The transport of electro active species from the bulk of the solution to the electrode may be governed not only by diffusion but also by adsorption of the species on the electrode surface. When both the mechanisms are operative, the overall electrochemical process may give considerably complicated results. The theoretical treatment is complex and of limited interest to inorganic chemists, therefore, a qualitative approach will be adopted to identify the presence of adsorption phenomena. 

What you will need to do is to research what you have just been doing, using the kind of objective approach that you would take in any management investigation. Your research data will necessarily be very soft , and you will need to use a qualitative approach. But, as in any qualitative study, you can still be thorough and exacting. 

Many laboratories use quantitative urinary organic acid analysis as an alternative to a qualitative approach and may not use stable isotope dilution as a more rigorous means of quantitation. The results from EQA schemes in the area reflect this variability of practice and the lack of internationally agreed standardisation. 

Using a qualitative approach and implementation of empirical rules, a computer package program which combines computer graphics and molecular mechanics with rule-based correlations was developed to assist the prediction of CD properties from the three-dimensional structure of a molecule197. 

Arrowsmith DK, Place CM (1982) Ordinary differential equations. A qualitative approach with applications. Chapmen and Hall, London—New York... 

IV. Nonradiative Transitions A Qualitative Approach A. The Weak-Coupling Case... 

Chapter 2 retains its emphasis on a qualitative approach to molecular orbital theory however, we have also added a section on computational chemistry. The thrust of this new section introduces readers to approaches to molecular orbital and molecular mechanics calculations employed by readily available commercial software packages. We make no attempt to thoroughly explain the theory behind these approaches, but instead we emphasize what each method can do and how it is applied to real chemical systems. Both qualitative and computational approaches to MO theory appear again throughout the text. 

A qualitative approach will possibly be more fruitful. Fig. 12 illustrates how the dihydrogen addition step (late with respect to heavy atom locations, early with respect to dihydrogen) might appear for the two diastereomeric pathways of the 16-electron route, with CHIRAPHOS as the ligand. In the alternative 14-electron route, dissociation of the alkene is assumed to occur, followed by irreversible H2 addition. The process in then consummated by reformation of the alkene-rhodium bond, or by a sigma bond metathesis which bypasses the dihydride state. 

Since, in this section, we restrict ourselves to a qualitative approach, we assume that the gA and gB tensors are isotropic with the same principal value g. At very high temperature, when kT > J, XmT tends to the (XmT)ht limit corresponding to the superposition of the uncoupled A and B fragments. This limit is ... 

Conversely, the effect of the interactions cannot be neglected when temperature increases. The expression of HM, yielded in Table 1 for D3h symmetry, enables us to determine the exact solutions of the overall Hamiltonian, but this necessitates a computer with a large storage capacity. Then, a qualitative approach may be achieved from the binuclear species (Ru209)10 which brings up the same problem, but in a more simple way. In this respect, we have plotted in Fig. 20 the theoretical curves of susceptibility for some values of the ratio J/X (only one exchange constant was considered). 

Mecklenbiu-g M, Danielsson B, Winqvist F (1997) Broad specificity affinity arrays a qualitative approach to complex sample discrimination. Patent appl. PCT/EP 97/03317... 

The strong similarity in terms between instrumental chemical analysis (qualitative and quantitative measurements) and the field of bioindicators (as a qualitative approach to pollution control) and biomonitors (as a quantitative approach) makes it worthwhile to compare the two techniques. 

Model A, although simple, still produces reasonable results if one is merely interested in a qualitative approach. However, for the calculation of absolute energies, and for the study of reaction mechanisms that involve charge rearrangements, such as hydride and proton transfer steps, the neglect of the effects covered by models and C can at best produce large errors and at worst make the results completely meaningless. 

A qualitative approach is to determine the range in which the polymer melts or softens on the TMA. These data can then be compared with the TGA curve within the melting and softening range to observe any degradation or cure. 

For those issues or transportation scenarios requiring more detail and insight than a qualitative approach offers, the next level of analysis is a semi-quantitative evaluation. A semi-quantitative risk analysis includes some degree of quantification of consequence, likelihood, and/or risk level. Once evaluated, through the combination of consequence and likelihood, a risk-based decision can be made from the analysis or additional refinement in consequence or likelihood may be necessary. This refinement of the risk analysis may rely on additional information included as part of a semi-quantitative analysis or, as warranted, on some minimal level of quantitative techitiques described in the next chapter. 

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