A Place in the Sun

While we have seen a great forward movement in the technical side of quantum chemistry, indeed in science as a whole, it would be hard to establish a claim that research in basic science enjoys more outside esteem, or is better supported, than 50 years ago. Attitudes have changed little from the time of Benjamin Franklin s famous What is the use of a new born baby to the question what is the use of your new discovery . In the words of Benedetto Croce, speaking of liberty, basic science leads a dangerous and fighting life , in which each generation of scientists has to find its own new way to keep a place in the sun. 

Although melodrama tends to be a character-driven proceeding, whether without plot (Truly, Madly, Deeply) or with plot (A Place in the Sun), it is not rigidly so. The form can be adapted if the story benefits. Specific examples will illustrate. 

Neither Usno nor other lichen medicines have, however, gained a permanent position in the medical praxis the fight for a place in the sun among antibiotics is too hard. Since the last decade the medicinal research of lichens has turned to new directions the untiring Japanese group Nakazava, Komatsu, Hamada, Fujikawa, Hirai, Shibata et al. has studied the antitumor activity of lichens intensively since 1962. This activity obviously depends on the polysaccharide component in lichens, as found in Umbilicaria, Lasallia, Cetraria, Cladonia, Parmelia, and Usnea, and from psoromic acid. 

The equations describing linear, adiabatic stellar oscillations are known to be Hermitian (Chandrasekhar 1964). This property of the equations is used to relate the differences between the structure of the Sun and a known reference solar model to the differences in the frequencies of the Sun and the model by known kernels. Thus by determining the differences between solar models and the Sun by inverting the frequency differences between the models and the Sun we can determine whether or not mixing took place in the Sun. 

Menadione (vitamin K-3, 79) in ethanol in the presence of oxygen was placed in the sun for 10 min to give the 2,3-epoxide (80) [64]. This has been photolysed in micellar solutions to give two main products 2-hydroxy-3-methylnaphtho-quinone and 2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthoquinone [65]. Solid menadione left on a south-facing windowsill (in Texas ) for a month gave two photodimers the syn head-to-head and syn head-to-tail cyclobutanes. With UV... 

The fact that neutrinos are emitted during this reaction provides an opportunity to observe directly the nuclear reactions taking place in the Sun s core. But its core is like a safe or an urn in which it zealously guards its own ashes. 

The volume of a glass of water placed in the sun decreases by 20%. If there are 240 mL of water in the glass now, what was the original volume of water in the glass ... 

In this fire, they say, purify Mercury, and mortify it for the purposes of our Art. The Mercury which lies "hidden in this water," or Fire, is therein FIXED OF ITSELF. Now we are getting towards the Light We are plainly told that the Fire IS a kind of Water (remember, alchemists "burn with Water"), and in this very Fire-Water, Mercury itself becomes decomposed, clarified, coagulated and fixed with indelible, living DIVINE FIRE, of that kind which God has placed in the Sun itself. 

A fusion reaction that takes place in the sun is the combination of two helium-3 nuclei to form two hydrogen nuclei and one other nucleus. Write the balanced nuclear equation for this fusion reaction. Be sure to include both products that are formed. 

For all cases more than 6 long, racks are moA con-vienent for drying them. These are made of Arips of H X 2 cypress or other light wood, suitable for supporting them. The longer the cases, the farther apart the Arips should be. AVhen fflled with cases they should be moved to a well ventilated room or covered platform. If placed in the sun they will be badly warped wben dry. (Fig, 3) Center and end Arips are x 3. ... 

The PanthePi leap, as the Moroccan crisis came to be called, was only the latest manifestation of Germany s lunge toward empire. A generation of German intellectuals had come to believe that economic expansion demanded territorial expansion that Germany had a right to its own place in the sun —a phrase that... 

Indeed it is difficult to live in a land without ever seeing the sun or the horizon, but it is scarcely better to live in a place where the sun strikes the head so vertically that not even the slightest shadow is cast. 

Sometimes, again, it has been supposed that alchemy arose farther to the cast, in Chaldea, or even in China. The Chaldeans were notable astrologers, and they associ ated the sun, moon and planets not only with human destinies, but also with the known metals. Still farther east, in ancient China, alchemical ideas found a place in the comprehensive religious and philosophical system of Taoism. Much later, in the second century a.d., Vd PO Yang, who has been called the father of Chinese alchemy, wrote the first Chinese treatise devoted entirely to alchemy, wherein he described the preparation of the pill of immortality, the Chinese equivalent of the Elixir of Life of Occidental alchemy. 

You will recall we have defined our plastic product as a new material. Our problem is not one of entering an established market with a known product new to us and gaining an appreciable share of established business by doing an outstanding sales development job. Because our product is unique, its place in the sun has to be established starting from scratch, using market development techniques aimed at displacing dissimilar materials in established end uses... 

To complement the research efforts targeted at elucidating and controlling the physical characteristics of light, active research was also conducted on the chemical effects of light, dating back to the early decades of the eighteenth century. In fact, the roots of the science of photochemistry date back to this era, when in 1727 Johann Heinrich Schulze (1687-1744) (Fig. 3.15) discovered that if a bottle of silver nitrate crystals was placed in the sun and part of the bottle... 

The efforts in computer technology were based on non-graphic business applications, so it was most practical for the chemical information systems to be made to adapt to the standard business computer. Systems evolved that were based on linear representations of graphical formulas, such as Wiswesser Line Notation, WLN (see Figure 3), or standard chemical nomenclature. But the linear representations were one step further removed from the 2-D structure that the chemist so depended on, and involved learning what in essence was a foreign language. The chemists found themselves more and more alienated from their own literature, and information intermediaries found their place in the sun. 

Many instruments have been developed to measure the change in molecular energy and they can be broadly classified as mechanical, electrical, or based on the detection of electromagnetic waves (infrared and visible light). Although 10000 yr ago the concept of temperature must have been well understood and quantitatively measured (most probably based on color), the first documented evidence of a device to measure it dates back to around 240 BC. Philo of Byzantium observed that bubbles would escape a tube immersed in water which was connected at the other end to a (sealed) hollow sphere when it was placed in the sun. When it was placed in the shade, water would rise into the tube. Hero of Alexandria (10-70 AD) further developed this concept, which later inspired Fludd (English physician, 1538), Galileo (1592), and Sanctorius (1612). 

After hydrogen. He is the second most abundant element in the universe. It occurs to an extent of <7% by volume in natural gas from sources in the US and Canada, and this origin is doubtless from the radioactive decay of heavier elements (a-particle = 2He). Helium is also found in various minerals containing a-emitting unstable isotopes. Helium was first detected spectroscopically in the Sun s atmosphere. Nuclear fusion reactions taking place in the Sun start at temperatures above 10 K, and the following reactions are... 

Economic and political problems persist in both countries as the Philippines, whereas other eountries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia, are striving to find their place in the sun. Along these lines, there are current plans to develop a " Iden triangle" between Jahore Barn, Singapore and the island of Batam in Indonesia, where a number of refineries and petrochemieal facilities are planned to be built within the next 10 years. This development would provide tremen-... 

---