A New Day in Chromatography and the Dawn of Protein Sequencing

Liquid-partition chromatography was a hybrid of Tswett s column-adsorption chromatography and a technique widely employed in industry called countercurrent extraction. The latter involved passing two immiscible liquids moving in opposite directions in contact with each other to separate components differing in their relative solubilities (partition coefficients) in the two solvents. Martin and Synge discovered that a solid support such as silica gel can be wetted by water to form, in essence, a stationary aqueous phase. The surface of the wetted silica gel has, surprisingly, the same solvent properties as pure water. When the stationary 

In 1945, Frederick Sanger (1918- ) developed a technique for N-terminus amino acid analysis of proteins reaction with 2,4-dinitro- 

Linus Pauling, the Alpha-Y Ms.y Complementarity, and Sickle-Cell Anemia 

Visiting Oxford in spring 1948, Pauling developed a severe sinus infection and was forced to bed  

Protein Alpha-Keratin X-ray repeat distances = 5.4 A 1.5 A 5.4 A = Pitch of the helix 

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