17a-Ethinyl estradiol

Half maximal effective concentration 17a-Ethinyl estradiol Fluidized bed reactor 1 -Hydroxybenzotriazole High performance liquid chromatography Hydraulic retention time... 

Figure 2.5 Reported concentrations of various PPCPs in Wastewater effluents by several research groups. On the x axis are respective PPCPs that are primarily cosmetics (1 = HHCB, 2 = AHTN, 3 = acetophenone, 4 = camphor, 5 = isobomeol, 6 = skatol, 7 = celestolide, i.e., AHMI, 8 = Phantolide, i.e., AHMI), the lotion ingredient (9 = methyl salicylate), two disinfectants (10 = triclosan and 11 = trilocarban), antihypertensive (12 = dehydronifedipine, 13 = diltiazem, 14 = bezafibrate, and 15 = gemfibrozil), analgesics and anti-inflammatories (16 = naproxen, 17 = ibuprofen, 18 = codeine), antimicrobials (19 = chlortetracycline, 20 = erythromycin, 21 = novobiocin, 22 = oxytetracycline, 23 = sulfamethaxazole, 24 = thiabendazole, 25 = trimethoprim), anxiolytic sedative (26 = carbamazepine), antidiabetic (27 = metaformin), reproductive (28 = 17(3 estradiol, 29 = 17a-ethinyl estradiol), GIT (30 = cimetidine, 31 = ranitidine), and respiratory (32 = Albuterol). The concentrations were compiled from Boyd et al. (2003), Gagne et al. (2006), Glassmeyer et al. (2005), Halden and Pauli (2005), Huang and Sedlak (2001), Ricking et al. (2003), and Temes et al. (2003).

Each Member State has to evaluate its own water quahty, identify why some areas do not reach the required standard, and then implement improvement plans. If a pharmaceutical residue is perceived to be contributing to the poor water quahty it is probable that an environmental quahty standard will be set for it. Comphance with this standard will then be needed, and this can only be accomplished by improving wastewater treatment or restricting sales. Draft standards have aheady been set in Germany for carbamazepine (0.5 pgL" ), diclofenac (0.1 ig I. ), erythromycin (0.02pgL ), ibuprofen (7.1 pg I, ), and metoprolol (7.3pgL ) [31], and in the United Kingdom for 17a-ethinyl estradiol (0.0001 pgL ). 

Antioxidant activity of estrogens was compared on the basis of their activity to inhibit formation of ABTS,+. Estriol, estrone, 17/3-estradiol, and 17a-ethinyl-estradiol showed more than twofold higher activity than diethylstilbestrol, 2-hydro-xyestradiol, and 4-hydroxyestradiol. Antioxidant activity of mestranol was negligible. On a molar basis, estrone was 2.43 times more effective than Trolox (R24). 

K26. Kovanen, P. T., Brown, M. S., and Goldstein, J. L., Increased binding of low density lipoprotein to liver membranes from rats treated with 17a-ethinyl estradiol. /, Biol. Chem. 254, 11367-11373 (1979). 

AcetaniUd, propranolol, phenobarbital, phenytoin, phenylbutazone, amphetamine, warfarin, 17a-ethinyl estradiol, naphthalene, benzpyrene... 

Ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl estradiol, 17a-ethinyl-l,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-17)3-diol (28.1.26), is made either by condensing estrone with acetylene in the presence of potassium hydroxide (Favorskii reaction), or by reacting sodium acetylenide in liquid ammonia with estrone [34-36]. 

Ethinyl Estradiol. (17a)-I9-Norpregna.t,3,SU0y trien-26.yne-3.17-diol 17< -ethynyl -1.3,5(10)-estrarriene-3,17d-diol 17-ethinylestradio) ethynylestradiol Diogyn E ... 

Names synonyms ESTRONE BENZOATE ETHYNYL ESTRADIOL 17 ethinyl estradiol 17 -ethynyl 1.3,5 estratriene-3.17 >diot. MESTRANOL ethynylestradiol 3>methyl ether 3 methoxy l7 -ethynyl-l.3.5(10>-estrairiene 17 ol 17a-ethynyl tradiol-3-meihyl ether 3>methoxy> 19 nor-17a pregna> 1.3,5.(rien-20-yn- 7-ol. 

The second example is ethinyl estradiol which has the systematic name 17a-ethinylestra-l,3,5(10)-triene-3,17P-diol. The root name, estra, informs us to draw a steroid with the appropriate stereochemistry at the 8-, 9-, 13-, and 14-positions with a single methyl group at 13 and no side chain at the 17-position.The term 1,3,5(10)-triene indicates that three double bonds are to be drawn—one between the 1- and 2-positions, another from the 3- to 4-positions, and the last one from the 5- to the 10-position. This renders the A-ring aromatic. Two OH groups are added, one at the 3-position (a phenol) and the other at the 17-position and oriented up (P). Finally, an ethinyl group (acetylene) is also attached to the 17-position, but down (a) (Figure 6.59). 

Norethynodrel, I7-a-ethinyl-17p-hj roxy-5(10)-estrene-3-one, increases eidrenal wei ts in intact female rats59. plasma and adrenal B levels decrease at the time of day dien values are normally highest. Clomiphene increases output of 17-oxysteroids in a patient with galactorrhea Cyano-trimethylandrostenolone, 2a-cyano-J4-, k, 17a-trimethyl-17p -OH- 5-androstene- 3-one, causes adrenal hypertrophy, a fall in adrenal venous 3 of male rats and inhibition of 3P-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase l. Norethandrolone, 170(-ethyl-17P-0H- -norandrostene-3-one, stimulates the production of B by adrenals of castrated rats and increases pituitary ACTH content . This androgen partially reverses the E induced suppression of B production but not of the adrenal response to stresses. Testosterone, androstenedione, EHEA, estrone and estradiol has no effect on conversion of B to 18-OH B and Aldo by sheep adrenal mitochondria . 

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