X. laevis

Messenger RNA isolated from differentiated HL-60 cells is thus a convenient source of transcripts for the receptor, and this mRNA (50-100 ng) can be injected into X. laevis oocytes. These oocytes actively translate foreign mRNA molecules, and often the expressed protein is functional 2-5 days later, functional fMet-Leu-Phe receptors can be detected on the cell surface. The identity of a functional fMet-Leu-Phe receptor was confirmed because ... 

Durieux, M.E., Carlisle, S.J., Salafranca, M.N. and Lynch, K.R., 1993, Responses to sphingosine-1 -phosphate in X. laevis oocytes Similarities with lysophosphatidic add signaling. Am. J. Physiol. 264 C1360-C1364. 

In the event that accommodation and care for the frogs is not possible, X laevis surgically extracted ovaries containing oocytes can be ordered through Nasco (Fort Atkinson, WI) however the quantity and quality of the oocytes cannot be guaranteed upon shipping. 

It is striking that a similar pattern of HI variant expression during early development has been maintained in the whole subkingdom of Deuterostomes, as illustrated by studies in sea urchin and X. laevis. This possibly dates back to an earlier stage before the separation of Deuterostomes and Mollusca (see the... 

X.laevis from human a -satellite DNA Luger etal., 1997 cacodylate, pH 6.0, 40 5 mM... 

Overall, our results provide a working hypothesis for the molecular recognition that occurs between the human thrombin receptor (PAR-1) and its agonist peptide SFLLRN. Similar features may contribute to the interactions of the X. laevis homologue of PAR-1 with TFRIFD and of human PAR-2 with SLIGKV, although... 

This test is based on the observation and counting of micronuclei within the tadpole erythrocytes of the African toad X. laevis. The level of spontaneous micronuclei is low (< 5%o). The calculation method is as follows ... 

Oatl was cloned by expression cloning using X. laevis oocytes by coexpression of sodium-dicarboxylate transporter, which forms outward concentration gradient of dicarboxylate to drive Oatl-mediated uptake (129). Oatl is predominantly expressed in the kidney, where it is localized in basolateral membrane of the proximal tubules (130). Oatl is a multispecific transporter, and it accepts PAH, a typical substrate for this transporter, and relatively hydrophilic small organic... 

NaPi-1 (SLC17A1), alternatively referred to as NPT1, was originally cloned as a transporter involved in the reabsorption of phosphate in the body. Expression of NaPi-1 in X. laevis oocytes induced saturable uptake of benzylpenicillin (189). This uptake does not depend on Na+ and H+, but on Cl- (190), and increasing extracellular concentration of chloride reduced the uptake of benzyl-penicillin (190). The substrates include faropenem, foscamet, and mevalonate, as well as benzylpenicillin (190). In contrast to the kidney, the expression is localized to the sinusoidal membrane of the liver (190). When the direction of the concentration gradient of Cl- is taken into consideration, the transport direction mediated by NaPi-1 is efflux from inside the cells to the blood and urine in the liver and kidney, respectively. 

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