X-FEM

Significant improvements in modeling have been achieved with the use of extended finite element methods (x-FEM) coupled with more accurate constitutive properties and continuum damage mechanics [15,16]. In this and similar approaches, improved failure criteria such as the LaRC 03 are combined with accurate stress—strain curves... 

It is well known that the energy profiles of Compton scattered X-rays in solids provide a lot of important information about the electronic structures [1], The application of the Compton scattering method to high pressure has attracted a lot of attention since the extremely intense X-rays was obtained from a synchrotron radiation (SR) source. Lithium with three electrons per atom (one conduction electron and two core electrons) is the most elementary metal available for both theoretical and experimental studies. Until now there have been a lot of works not only at ambient pressure but also at high pressure because its electronic state is approximated by free electron model (FEM) [2, 3]. In the present work we report the result of the measurement of the Compton profile of Li at high pressure and pressure dependence of the Fermi momentum by using SR. 

The rate of acid-induced demetalation depends only slightly on the nature of the head substituents X (Table I). In contrast, the tail-R groups dramatically affect k and, for the most part, k3, suggesting that tail amide O-atoms are sites of peripheral protonation. Thus, the acid tolerant Fem-TAML catalysts with tail electron-withdrawing groups should be more acid resistant and replacement of R = Me with R = F results in a remarkable stabilization. The rate constants (Table I) show that under weakly acidic conditions (pH 2-3), when the k pathway dominates over k3, fluorinated lk is 105-fold more H +-tolerant than la. 

The rate law of Eq. (15) holds at all pHs, despite the fact that is strongly pH dependent (see below). Free radical oxidation chemistry (60) appears not to be involved in these Fem-TAML catalyzed oxidations to any detectable degree. The efficient hydroxyl radical scavenger, mannitol (61,62), when added over the concentration range (0.5-2.0) x 10 3 M has no effect on the rate. This peroxide oxidation catalyzed by 1 does not proceed extensively via the hydroxyl free radical serving as the reactive intermediate. 

Schoenfeld J, Gelsomino A, Van Overbeek LS, Gorissen A, Smalla K, Van Elsas JD (2003) Effects of compost addition and simulated solarisation on the fate of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 and indigenous bacteria in soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 43 63-74. doi 10.1111/j. 1574-6941,2003.tb01046.x... 

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX, EDAX) Field Emission Microscopy (FEM)... 

In the previous paragraph, the basic considerations of FEM modelling have been laid out. The outcome of a static thermal simulation based on this model is a 3-d temperature field T x,y,z). In this section it is discussed, how the characteristic figures, such as thermal resistance and thermal time constant of the membrane, can be deduced. 

Mn111 and Fem complexes are isomorphous with the CrUI complex. The chromium(III) complexes with X = H, 3-OMe, 5-C1, 5-Br, 5-Me1121 or 3,5-Cl21122 have been prepared by methods similar to those for the salen derivatives. 

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