X experimental conditions

FIGURE 1.4 Dependencies of retention factors k on counterion (i.e., phosphate) concentration [X]. Experimental conditions Mobile phase, methanol-sodium dihydrogenphosphate buffer (50 50 v/v) (pHa 6.5 adjusted in the mixture with sodium hydroxide) flow rate, 1 mLmin temperature, 25°C CSP, 0-9-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propylcarbamoyl]-quinine bonded to silica [30] column dimension, 150 x 4 mm ID. 

Figure 1.54 shows the typical penetration curves for Cu diffusion in CujO, plotted as log C versus x. Experimental conditions (temperature, °C, partial oxygen pressure, Pq, and thickness of each section, n) are also tabulated in this figure. Because all the plots are linear under the conditions, the distribution of radioactive tracer follows eqn (1.182). The errors in from the least-square fits of data to eqn (1.182) are less than 0.5 per cent. 

Sj = ith search direction J — Objective function x = Experimental conditions ... 

A motor fuel has an octane number X if it behaves under tightly defined experimental conditions the same as a mixture of X volume % of isooctane and (100 - X)% of n-heptane. The isooctane-heptane binary mixtures are called primary reference fuels. Octane numbers higher than 100 can also be defined the reference material is isooctane with small quantities of tetraethyl lead added the way in which this additive acts will be discussed later. 

In step (1) and step (2) there is an increase from one to two chain carriers . (For brevity, step (x) is used to refer to equation (A3.14.V) tliroughout.) Under typical experimental conditions close to the first and second explosion limits (see section A3.14.2.3). step (2) and step (3) are fast relative to the rate detemiining step (1). 

A careful study of the nature of the Grignard reagent RMgX (X = halogen) has revealed the feet that under suitable experimental conditions the following equilibria may be present in solution ... 

The acetyl transfer reactions of acetylated pyrazolones (acylotropy) have been carefully studied by Arakawa and Miyasaka (74CPB207,74CPB214) (Section 4.04.2.1.3(x)). Methylation of 3-methyl-l-phenyl-4-phenylazo-5-pyrazolone (402) yields, depending on the experimental conditions, the N- and the O-methylated derivatives (483) and (484) (66BSF2990). These derivatives have been used as model compounds in a study of the tautomerism of (402) (structure 139 Section 4.04.1.5.2). 

The situation is different for other examples—for example, the peptide hormone glucagon and a small peptide, metallothionein, which binds seven cadmium or zinc atoms. Here large discrepancies were found between the structures determined by x-ray diffraction and NMR methods. The differences in the case of glucagon can be attributed to genuine conformational variability under different experimental conditions, whereas the disagreement in the metallothionein case was later shown to be due to an incorrectly determined x-ray structure. A re-examination of the x-ray data of metallothionein gave a structure very similar to that determined by NMR. 

Values of Y (X (A)) for elements typically range from 10 to 10 in NR-laser-SNMS, and from 10 to 10 in R-laser-SNMS. If the experimental conditions are not well known, the concentration of A can also be quantified by using the relative sensitivity factor (RSF) method (Eqs (3.8) and (3.9) in Sect. 3.1.3). 

Two of the four general carbonyl-group reactions—carbonyl condensations and basic conditions and involve enolate-ion intermediates. Because the experimental conditions for the two reactions... 

The ionic product varies with the temperature, but under ordinary experimental conditions (at about 25 °C) its value may be taken as 1 x 10 14 with concentrations expressed in molL-1. This is sensibly constant in dilute aqueous solutions. If the product of [H + ] and [OH-] in aqueous solution momentarily exceeds this value, the excess ions will immediately combine to form water. Similarly, if the product of the two ionic concentrations is momentarily less than 10-14, more water molecules will dissociate until the equilibrium value is attained. 

No calibration was required and the percentage of only one element needed to be established, for the alloy was binary. The atomic numbers of copper and zinc being adjacent, the intensity ratio of their K lines could, after an appropriate adjustment of experimental conditions, be assumed equal to the ratio of the number of atoms present of each metal. Under these simple conditions, compositions could be calculated satisfactorily from intensity ratios, as is shown by the following results for a series of 16 x-ray determinations on such an alloy found by chemical methods (details not given) to contain 73.00% copper average copper content, 73.16% standard deviation for a single determination, 0.27%... 

Estimation of adiabatic increase in the liquid temperature in circular micro-tubes with diameter ranging from 15 to 150 pm, under the experimental conditions reported by Judy et al. (2002), are presented in Table 3.7. The calculations were carried out for water, isopropanol and methanol flows, respectively, at initial temperature Tin = 298 K and v = 8.7 x 10" m /s, 2.5 x 10 m /s, 1.63 x 10 m /s, and Cp = 4,178 J/kgK, 2,606J/kgK, 2,531 J/kgK, respectively. The lower and higher values of AT/Tm correspond to limiting values of micro-channel length and Reynolds numbers. Table 3.7 shows adiabatic heating of liquid in micro-tubes can reach ten degrees the increase in mean fluid temperature (Tin -F Tout)/2 is about 9 °C, 121 °C, 38 °C for the water d = 20 pm), isopropanol d = 20 pm) and methanol d = 30 pm) flows, respectively. 

Figure 11. Effects of EGTA or treatment with islet activating protein (lAP or pertussis toxin) on the 6-HCH-induced Ca response detected in Indo-l-labeled cells. Cells were treated for 2 hours at 37 C with (lAP) or without (Control) 10 Jg/mL lAP, then labeled with Indo-1. Cells were washed and resuspended at 2 x 10 cells/mL buffer and stimulated with 6-HCH (solid trace). In some cases (dashed traces), stimulation was preceded by the addition of 5-mAf EGTA 10 s before stimulation. Other experimental conditions are as in Figure 9.

---