Wulf construction

The generalization of the Wulf construction to solid-solid interfaces leads to the discrimination of four cases (Fig. 5.4, left column), which correspond, respectively, to ... 

Wulf construction for a two-dimensional free particle with cubic sym-... 

In an earlier work by De Wulf et al. [36], we showed that different aspects of process sustainability can be quantified by using thermodynamic principles. Indeed, the thermodynamic concept of exergy is used as the basis for the construction of sustainability parameters, which conveniently express particular aspects of process sustainability on a scale of zero to one. Elements of this work were used to analyze the sustainability of several industrial processes, and new insights have led to some meaningful improvements. 

One of the major factors undermining the sustainability of a production process is the depletion of the resources it uses. A quantification of process sustainability should therefore include a parameter that deals with the sustainability of resource utilization, and the construction of such a parameter begins with defining a quantitative measure for the depletion of an individual resource. One way of doing this is to classify each resource as either renewable or nonrenewable, as was done by De Wulf et al. [36]. The distinction made between renewable and nonrenewable resources is that renewable resources are created at least as fast as they are consumed (e.g., solar energy), while nonrenewable resources are consumed faster than they are created (e.g., crude oil). 

A few brown-rot fungi, notably Serpula incrassata (Berk, and Curt.) Dank, and Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. have the unusual ability to conduct liquid water from moist soil or other sources of moisture into dry wood (36). Similarly, subterranean termites can attack very dry wood and, if they have access to water, can transport it through the tubes they construct between moist soil and wood. But chemical soil treatments around wood buildings can prevent attack by even these organisms. Construction practices that thwart both fungal decay and insect attack have been described (36, 38). 

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