Word-based methods

The unprecedented amounts of information in CGC enable new, knowledge-rich approaches to natural language processing, which are significantly more powerful than the conventional word-based methods. Considerable progress has... 

However, if this is not the case, the perturbations are large and perturbation theory is no longer appropriate. In other words, perturbation methods based on single-determinant wavefunctions cannot be used to recover non-dynamic correlation effects in cases where more than one configuration is needed to obtain a reasonable approximation to the true many-electron wavefunction. This represents a serious impediment to the calculation of well-correlated wavefunctions for excited states which is only possible by means of cumbersome and computationally expensive multi-reference Cl methods. 

In the latter, labelled output-based allocation (OB), firms receive allowances proportional to their current production level - sometimes known as intensity-based allocation. In its pure form, this allocation method is currently excluded by the Commission, because it amounts to an ex-post adjustment (allocation dependent upon behaviour during the same trading period), but it does incorporate some features of the real-word allocation method. Notably, repeated allocation over sequential periods gives the potential for updating based on output or emissions in the previous period, which offers a weaker (deferred) form of output-based allocation, as detailed in Section 2. The allocation methods used by Member States in phase 1 thus stand somewhere in between our two polar cases, and so are the methods allowed by the directive for phase 2. 

Recognized characters are then grouped to form words based on their coordinates. This method combines characters lying next to each other but also considers vertical relationships to handle vertically oriented atom labels. 

Cases in which LEER breaks down have been identified. In general, when presented with a new molecule, LFER-based methods must first find the most suitable parent molecule from a large database of experimental pK. Of course, the word... 

As discussed, moving from one Pareto optimal solution to another implies trading off. In other words, to move to another Pareto optimal solution where some objective function gets a better value, some other objective function must be allowed to get worse. This is the starting point of classification-based methods where the DM studies a Pareto optimal solution and says what kind of changes in the objective function values would... 

Performance-based methods are an empowering concept. PBMs enable analysts and the laboratories that they work in to become more creative and encourage attempts to develop alternative methods to perform TEQA. Many of these alternative approaches are much more cost-effective while yielding the same outcome. In other words, the performance of the method is the same, a deliverable outcome, and the inputs are much reduced in cost and labor. Alternative methods of sample preparation will be discussed in Chapter 3. 

It is also possible to realize significant increases in rate by using word-prediction or word-completion techniques with any selection method (Swiffin et al., 1987). Devices that use these techniques typically have a list on the screen that displays the most likely words based on the letters that have previously been entered. The user selects the desired word, if it is listed, by entering a number listed next to the word. If the desired word is not displayed, the user continues to enter letters, and the listed words change to correspond to the entered letters. In adaptive word completion, the ranking of the presented list is changed based on the user s frequency of use. 

Instead of discretising the time and using a BDF-based method for the numerical computation of a continuous-time model one may think of quantising the state variables. That is, instead of using a multistep method to compute an approximation of the value x(f +i) of a state variable x at time tjc+i, the question then is at what time the state x will deviate from its current value x (tk) by more than a given quantum A Q. In other words, the task is to find the smallest time step h so that... 

In addition to this, one may want to assess the quality of FP measurements in terms of panel performance. In this regard, it should first be mentioned that panel performance cannot be understood as in conventional consensus-based methods, since panellists do not use the same attributes, and even if they do use the same words these words may not be assumed to convey the exact same sensory notion. Also, one should bear in mind that FP results are dependent on subjects descriptive skills, levels and fields of expertise. As already mentioned, should one wish to get the most comprehensive description of a product set, it is advisable to recruit experienced subjects with complementary fields of expertise. 

Kostov, B., Becue-Bertaut, M. and Husson, E. (2014) An original methodology for the analysis and interpretation of word-count based methods Multiple factor analysis for contingency tables complemented by consensual words, Food Qual Prefer, 32A, 35-40. DOI 10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.06.009. 

Concerning the sensory attributes (whose interpretation should always be done very carefully when using Free Choice Profiling-based methods), both experts and consumers led to very different corpuses of semantic attributes. We were then able to identify and quantify the consumers terms and, in some cases, to correlate them with the more precise experts attributes. This was particularly helpful to translate some technical terms into consumer words to communicate to our customers. 

Key words the method based, polymer compositional materials, electrical conductive, polypropylene, technical carbon, acethylene soot. 

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