Wood studies

Differences in reactivity between wood species have been observed, which can be attributed to a number of factors. Rowell etal. (1986c) acetylated southern pine and aspen flakes under identical reaction conditions, and found that the softwood species exhibited a higher rate of reaction. Beckers and Militz (1994) performed a pilot-scale study of the acetylation of beech, eucalyptus, poplar, pine, Douglas fir and spruce, finding considerable differences in reactivity between the woods studied. 

Hietala, S., Maunu, S.L., Sundholm, F., Jamsa, S. and Viitaniemi, P. (2002). Structure of thermally modified wood studied by liquid state NMR measurements. Hol orschung, 56(5), 522-528. 

The depth of burial is also important when considering reburial of archaeological wood. Studies have shown that shallow burial will not prevent longterm deterioration of buried wood by microbes but at depths greater than 50 cm the extent of deterioration decreases significantly. 

In 1803 John James Audubon (1785-1851) came to America when he was a young man. His father wanted him to become a businessperson, but John liked to draw and paint. He loved to spend his time in the woods studying animals and plants and drawing their pictures in his journals. He decided to spend the rest of his life studying and drawing, and he became one of the best-known nature artists ever. His paintings of North American birds can be found in many museums today, and his books, filled with his beautiful drawings of birds and animals, continue to be sold all over the world. 

Watson, J. In Waterlogged Wood Study and Conservation Proceedings of the Second ICOM Waterlogged Wood Working Group Conference, Grenoble ICOM Paris, 1984 pp 213-218. 

The Selva di Callignano is a protected floristic area of about 8 ha located a few kilometres from Ancona (Central Italy). The dominant plants are Quercus cerris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd, which are almost coeval and around 70 years old. In the wood studied, there is an area of about 3 ha covered by vegetation made up of Quercus cerris L., Fraxinus omus L., Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., and Acer campestre L., with shrub and... 

Nanassy, A.J. 1974. Water sorption in green and remoistened wood studied by the broad-line component of the wide-line NMR spectra. Wood Sci., 7(l) 61-68. 

Figure 4. Photographs before (left a,c,e) and after (right-b,d,f) vacuum and plasma exposure to the 4500 year old TIRI wood studied here. For scale, the length of the wood piece shown in photographs a d is - 2 cm and 0.25 cm for e and f Only minor damage is detected and none after extraction sufficient for one radiocarbon date and one stable carbon isotopic analysis.

Hoffmann, P. (1983). A rapid method for the detection of polyethylene glycols (PEG) in wood. Studies in Conservation, 2S(4), 189-193. 

Organ, R. M. (1959a). Carbowax and other materials in the treatment of water-logged paleolithic wood. Studies in Conservation, 4(3), 96-105. 

Schnell, U., Jensen, P. (2007). Determination of maximum freeze drying temperature for PEG-impregnated archaeolt cal wood. Studies in Conservation, 52(1), 50-58. 

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