With silver oxide

When diorgano tellurium dichlorides were ground with a suspension of silver oxide, chloride was precipitated as silver chloride. Extraction of the reaction mixture with hot water and cooling of the extract produced the tellurium oxide as a precipitate. Alternatively, evaporation of the filtrate from the reaction mixture under vacuum left the product as a white residue.  

Diphenyl tellurium arenesulfonimides were hydrolyzed by boiling water to diphenyl tellurium oxide.  

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Treatment of O-silyl enols with silver oxide leads to radical coupling via silver enolates. If the carbon atom bears no substituents, two such r -synthons recombine to symmetrical 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in good vield (Y. Ito, 1975). 

An important mode of oxidation for -phenylenediamines is the formation of ben2oquinonediimines, easily obtained by oxidation with silver oxide in ether solution (17). DHmines undergo 1,4 additions with amines to generate tri- and tetraamines which readily oxidi2e in air to highly conjugated, colored products. An example of this is the formation of Bandrowski s base [20048-27-5] when -phenylenediamine is oxidi2ed with potassium ferricyanide (18). 

Acids nd Sa.lts. The oxygen acids of bromine are strong oxidants but at ordinary temperatures are stable only in solution. An aqueous solution of hypobromous acid [13517-11-8] may be prepared by treating bromine water with silver oxide or mercuric oxide (69) ... 

When reductive conditions are contraindicated, the indirect removal of chlorine by oxidation of a derived hydrazino derivative with silver oxide, may be used this is illustrated... 

Analogous to the oxidation of hydrazones to azo compounds, A-unsubstituted pyrazolidines are oxidized to A -pyrazolines. For example, the blcyclic pyrazolidine (415) when treated with silver oxide yields the pyrazoline (416) (65JA3023). Pyrazolidine (417) is transformed into the perchlorate of the pyrazolium salt (411) by reaction with mercury(II) acetate in ethanol followed by addition of sodium perchlorate (69JOU1480). 

Most diazirines are easily obtained from diaziridines. Dialkyldiazirines are simply formed by dehydrogenation of 3,3-dialkyldiaziridines (60AG781). For example, the spirodiazirine (187) can be prepared in 65-75% yield from the diaziridine with silver oxide (6508(45)83). 

Lclobanincs, CuHjjOaN (Formula XVIII). These are diketo-bases resulting from the chromic acid oxidation of the corresponding lelobanidines. Those recorded in Table B are Z- and dZ-forms, derived from ZI and ZII, and dl forms of lelobanidine respectively, dZ-lelobanine is the best known of these products. The methiodide, not isolated, on treatment with silver oxide yields dimethylamine and a neutral, deep-yellow oil convertible by hydrogenation into a glycol, b.p. 117-8°/0-03 mm.,... 

The a-isomeride has m.p. 138°, yields a hydrochloride, m.p. 135° [approx., dec.), and a picrate, m.p. 198°. The 3-form occurs in minute needles, m.p. 108-9° (dry), and yields a picrate, m.p. 178-9°. These substances are of interest since their methiodides and methochlorides on treatment with silver oxide or aqueous sodium hydroxide behave abnormally, breaking up into veratraldehyde and 4 5-dimethoxy-2-vinylbenzyldimethylamine (oil picrate, m.p. 158-9° methiodide, m.p. 197-8°) thus — ... 

EtOH). No methoxyl is present. It forms a series of crystalline double chlorides with cadmium, zinc or copper, does not give the thalleioquin reaction, and solutions of its sulphate are not fluorescent. It is diacidie and forms two series of salts of which the nitrate, B. HNOj, crystallises in minute prisms, m.p. 196°, insoluble in water. Cinchonamine hydrochloride, B. HCl, laminae or B. HCl. HjO, cubical crystals, has been suggested for use in the estimation of nitrates. When warmed with strong nitric acid the alkaloid furnishes dinitrocinchonamine. It gives an amorphous, monoacetyl derivative, and forms a methiodide, m.p. 208 , which with silver oxide yields an amorphous methylcinchonamine. Raymond-Hamet found that cinchonamine ves typical indole colour reactions and is probably an indole alkaloid. This seems to have been... 

Campaigne et al. have used 3-thenyl bromide obtained by benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed, side-chain bromination of 3-methylthiophene with A -bromosuccinimide, as a starting material for 3-substituted thiophenes. - 22 3-Methylthiophene is now prepared commercially from itaconic acid. The reactive halogen in 3-thenyl bromide could be directly reacted with a variety of nucleophiles, such as cyanide, or malonate, to give more complex 3-substituted compounds. 3-Thenyl bromide was converted by the Sommelet reaction to 3-thio-phenealdehyde which, with silver oxide, was oxidized to 3-thio-... 

A-Methylation occurs when 78 is treated with dimethyl sulfate or diazomethane, but reaction with silver oxide-methyl iodide gives a... 

The reaction of 78 with phosphorus pentasulfide in xylene gives the corresponding 2-oxazolethione, which also forms the iV -methyl product with dimethyl sulfate and 4,5-diphenyl-2-methyhnercapto-oxazole in 98% yield on treatment with silver oxide-methyl iodide. 

Isothiazole-3-carboxylic acid and its 4-bromo derivative have been obtained by oxidation of the corresponding aldehydes with silver oxide. They form acid chlorides, esters, and amides. The amides may be dehydrated to give the corresponding nitriles. ... 

Methylation of nicotine to the pyridinium iodide with methyl iodide, followed by its conversion to the hydroxide with silver oxide in water, oxidation with potassium permanganate to the A -methyl nicotinic acid hydroxide and subsequent deprotonation with silver oxide yielded Trigollenine as colorless needles (1897CB2117). In a later publication, the formation of nicotinic acid from nicotine was described. Esterification followed by aminolysis and methylation yielded the A -methylnicotinamide... 

Reaction of 2-pyrrolylbenzoic acid derivative 122 with PCI5 and subsequent reaction with diazomethane gave the diazoacetophenone 123 that upon treatment with silver oxide, sodium carbonate and sodium thiosulfate afforded acetic acid derivative 124, cyclization with acetic anhydride gave 125 (91JHC77) (Scheme 24). 

The diazo ketone 3, when treated with silver oxide as catalyst, decomposes into ketocarbene 5 and dinitrogen Na. This decomposition reaction can also be achieved by heating or by irradiation with uv-light. The ketocarbene undergoes a Wolff rearrangement to give a ketene 6 ... 

Primary, secondary and tertiary amines can serve as starting materials. The amine, e.g. 1, is first treated with excess methyl iodide, to generate the quaternary ammonium iodide 5. Subsequent treatment with silver oxide in water gives the corresponding ammonium hydroxide 2 ... 

Many of the reactions of amines are familiar from past chapters. Thus, amines react with alkyl halides in S 2 reactions and with acid chlorides in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. Amines also undergo E2 elimination to yield alkenes if they are first qualernized by treatment with iodomethane and then heated with silver oxide, a process called the Hofmann elimination. 

Dehydrobenzene, see Benzyne Dehydrogenation of 3,3-pentamethyl-enediaziridine to 3,3-penta-methyleneazarine with silver oxide, 46, 83... 

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