With grating coupler

Thin Film MNA Crystal Waveguides for Phase-matched SHG with Grating Couplers... 

Figure 1. Tapered slab-type MNA single crystal film waveguide with grating couplers.

Conceptual structure of four-layered waveguide with grating coupler for all optical bistability. 

A) Sealed type thin film MNA crystal waveguide for phase matched SHG was realized with grating couplers. This type of structure is advantageous because of separation from ambient atmosphere. 

B) A11 optical bistability device with grating coupler was realized at off-angle coupling for pulsed Nd YAG laser. This bistability was very sensitive for the angle of incoming light beam. 

Sugihara, O., Toda, T., Ogura, T., Kinoshita, T., and Sasaki, K., Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a four-layer 2-methyi-4-nitroaniIine waveguide with grating couplers. Opt. Lett., 16, 702-704 (1991). 

Table 2. Responses of a grating coupler sensor coated with multilayers of monoclonal antibodies to the respective analytes. The response values are related to that of an adsorbed antibody monolayer (B2M p2-microglobulin, HCG human choriogonadotropin, HRP horseradish peroxidase.

Brynda E., Elouska M., Brandenburg A., Wikerstal A., Skvor J., The detection of human P2-microglobulin by grating coupler immunosensor with three-dimensional antibody networks, Biosens. Bioelectron. 1999 14 363-368. 

All Optical Bistability of Vacuum Evaporated Polydiacetylene (PDA.12-8) Film Waveguide with a Grating Coupler... 

In this report, vacuum evaporated PDA(12-8) film is used as an optically nonlinear layer with a grating coupler for nonlinear coupling for all optical bistability. Grating coupler on a substrate was prepared at the same periodicity and depth as the SHG devices. Vacuum evaporation of PDA on a substrate with previously rf-sputtered Corning 7059 buffer layer film were carried out at 5 x 10 5 torr with tungsten boat heater. Rapid evaporation can avoid thermal polymerization of the undesirable red phase PDA during the process. UV polymerization of the film for the useful blue phase PDA was carried out by Xe lamp 500 w for 20 min. at a... 

Now it seems that the above mentioned resonant state with nonlinearity for grating coupler creates the bistability with very -sensitive angular dependence. 

For refractive-index-type sensors, the waveguide is intrinsically the sensing element, and then chemical processes are measured with the variations of the refractive index, n, of guided modes. The majority of the various sensor types and published configurations make use of grating couplers (Fig. 10a) [83,84], resonant mirrors (Fig. 10b) [52,86-89] or interferometric sensors (Fig. 11) as... 

The biosensing devices focus mainly on affinity principles such as antibody -antigen reactions and are based on surface plasmon resonance [25], grating couplers[26] or interferometers [27]. It seems possible to get stable and highly sensitive devices based on these principles [28], and further investigations can lead to miniaturized sensor modules with reduced cost, size and complexity. 

Jobst G, Moser I, Urban G, Dubendorfer J, Kunz R (1997) Optical grating coupler with ultrathin pH responsive membrane for microphysiometry (in preparation)... 

The use of a grating to facilitate the out-coupling has been demonstrated [52]. In that work, a (methyl-3 -(p-nitro-phenyl)carbazate, MNCZ) crystal was used as the substrate with a slab transparent waveguide made of photoresist deposited on top. The grating coupler was fabricated holographically and the SHG of a Nd YAG 1.06 pm laser demonstrated. This nonlinear crystal has a nonlinear d36 coefficient of 22.7 pm V-1 (3 time larger than d24 of KTP) and a cut-off wavelength of 455 nm. Reported conversion efficiencies were at that time limited by lack of sufficient crystal flatness. 

An electro-active integrated optical waveguide (EA-lOW) with a separation of 8 mm between the input and output grating couplers was used to experimentally assess the sensitivity of EA-lOW-based measurements on surface-confined films. Measurements performed on adsorbed MB (e = 7,800 M cm at 633 nm) at a... 

From the measured data of four Afferent pitch samples, we can use peak emission wavelength at each emission angle to calculate its dispersion curve by Eq. (1). Figure 16.17 shows the plots with solid symbols for m = -1 and A= 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm and 800 nm on the left, respectively. These results are compared to the theoretical dispersion relation of SP-grating coupler at Au / mr interface (Ksp(Au / air)) with m = 1, which are the denser lines on the right-hand side of the light line in vacuum. It results in a linear shifting of momentum (AK) of about 4.79 im per 100 nm pitch size. 

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