Winogradsky

Winogradsky column Glass column with an anaerobic lower zone and an aerobic upper zone, which allows growth of microorganisms under conditions simitar to those found in nutrient-rich water and sediment. 

Azotobacters. Burk and Winogradsky in the 1930s showed that these could readily be obtained from soil samples by elective enrichment with benzoate. The degradative pathway for benzoate has been elucidated (Hardisson et al. 1969), and the range of substrates extended to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (Li et al. 1992 Latus et al. 1995). The enzyme from Azotobacter sp. strain GPl that catalyzes the formation of 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone from... 

The other hypothesis suggested earlier was that ammonia rather than hydroxylamine was the product of biological nitrogen fixation. Winogradsky [9] had suggested this, and although the idea was perfectly logical, the evidence was indirect and minimal. 

Winogradsky, S. Sur l assimilation de l azote gaseux de l atmosphere par les microbes. 

Winogradsky, S. Sur l origine de l ammo-niac degagfe par les fixateurs d azote. Zentbl. Baht., 2Abt. 97, 399-413 (1938). 

The importance of these reactions to the energy metabolism of the bacteria was recognized in 1895 by Winogradsky, who first proposed the concept of chemiautotrophy. Because the nitrifying bacteria grow... 

S. Winogradsky emphasized the ubiquitous distribution of the bacteria concerned... 

In 1888, Beijerinck published a series of reports entitled Die bakterien der Paplionacen-Knollchen which he called Bacillus radicicola. At about the same time (1885-1891) Bertholet, Warington and Winogradsky had isolated the main microorganisms from soil and water responsible for ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. 

Winogradsky, S. (1924). Sur la microflore autochthone de la terre arable. Compte Rendu Acad. Sci. (Paris) 178, 1236-1239. 

Nitrobacter Winogradsky Nitrosomonas europaea Propionibacterium shermanii... 

An historical perspective of the iron bacteria has been given and over the years geomicrobiologists have studied a variety of bacteria concerned with iron transformations. The absence of pure culture techniques and modern technical sophistication has prevented the clear elucidation of those organisms attacking iron for use as a major nutrient. It is remarkable that it took from 1888, when the concept of chemoautotrophy was advanced by Winogradsky, until 1950 before the existence of a bacterium which is able to grow at the expense of ferrous iron oxidation was unequally demonstrated (Colmer et al., 1950). 

It was S.N. Winogradsky (1891) who discovered chemolithoautotrophic bacteria by verifying that the bacteria produce the cellular materials from carbon dioxide... 

Widdel F (1986) Growth of methanogenic bacteria in pure culture with 2-propanol and other alcohols as hydrogen donors. Appl Environ Microbiol 51 1056-1062 Winogradsky SN (1891) Ueber die Organismen der Nitrification. Vierteljahrsschrift der Natur-forschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 16 176-208... 

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