WinNonlin

WinNonlin, Pharsight Corp., http //www.pharsight.com SAAM II, SAAM Institute, Inc., http //www.saam.com TOXICOKINETIC SOFTWARE... 

The pharmacokinetic values were calculated by the pharmacokinetics software WinNonlin, version 1.5. and were summarized in Table 1. 

Half-lives were calculated by the pharmacokinetics software WinNonlin, version 1.5. In case of the intravenous administration, a 2 compartmental model was chosen in case of oral administration, a non-compartmenal model. The AUCs were calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. The results are summarized in Table 3. 

The pharmokinetic parameters in the blood, plasma, excreta and the kinetics in organs and tissues are calculated using an appropriate pharmacokinetics software (e.g. WinNonlin). 

Based on this information, WinNonlin (version 3.3, Pharsight Corporation.) was used to generate a PK model. The use of compiled PK models offers good flexibility to perform re-analysis with different... 

The software system WinNonlin (18) uses a combination of the trapezoidal and log-trapezoidal formulas to estimate AUC and AUMC, and the formulas resulting from them. As a result, no statistical information is available. 

User s guide for version 1.5 of WinNonlin. Apex, NC Scientific Consulting 1997. 

Microcomputers are also used to systematize, speed up formulation, simplify manufacturing processes, and reduce the number of needed bioavailability studies through simulated models and plasma level predictions. Commercially available software packages, such as WINNONLIN, SAS (Table 1), and other custom-designed programs, are generally used to solve the... 

WINNONLIN Pharsight Corporation 800 W. El Camino Real, Suite 200 Mountain View, CA 94040 Web address http //www.pharsight.com/... 

WinNonlin is provided as a compiled program for Windows systems and performs non-linear regression analysis. 

Conventional PK models, which describe a concentration-time profile at a given dose, can be applied either using noncompartmental or compartmental analysis. The most commonly used software is WinNonlin from Pharsight. 

The validation process is outlined from writing user requirements specification to testing and validating specific analysis using estimation methods. This is followed with brief examples of validation approaches for some commonly encountered software, such as S-Plus , SAS , WinNonlin , and NONMEM . 

WinNonlin Getting Started Guide Version 4.1. Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA, 2003, Chapter 3. 

A true area under the curve (TRUE AUC) was calculated for each subject using the full concentration-time profile generated from the simulation. Sampling was performed at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1, 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12,16, and 24 hours. All areas under the curve were calculated using the noncompartmental analysis module in WinNonlin Version 4.0, using the log/linear trapezoidal rule. 

This ability is available in many software programs. NONMEM (Iconus, EUicott City, MD) has been widely used to estimate population models arising from both sparse and intensely sampled data. Other programs include WinNonMix (Pharsight Corp., Palo Alto, CA), Kinetica 2000 (Innaphase Corp, Philadelphia, PA), and Pop-Kinetics (SAAM Institute, Seattle, WA). ADAPT II and WinNonlin have focused on PK/PD models and have been combined with Bayesian approaches to estimate population models. 

In this chapter, we review the basic concepts and their applications of these models. The implementation of these models using WinNonlin (Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA) and/or NONMEM (GloboMax LLC, Ellicott City, MD) is provided in the appendix to this chapter. 

Indirect Response Model Inhibition of Production Rate WinNonlin Code... 

WinNolnlin (commercial) WWW.phars ight.com/ products/winnonlin General purpose simulation system with a set of PK, PD, and PK/PD link models... 

The AIC used by Yamaoka et al. is not the exact AIC reported by Akaike but is slightly different. However, its use is valid if all the models under consideration all have the same log-likelihood function. Yamaoka et al. (1978) demonstrated the use of the AIC by distinguishing between mono-exponential, bi-exponential, and tri-exponential equations. However, not all software packages use this definition. For example, WinNonlin (Pharsight Corp., Cary NC) uses Eq. (1.45) with p equal to only the number of structural model parameters and does not include the estimated residual variance. SAAM II (SAAM Institute, Seattle, WA) calculates the AIC as... 

This is one of three algorithms that WinNonlin uses for nonlinear regression. 

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