Windows and doors

Glass Productsfor Windows and Doors, Cardinal IG, Minnetonka, Minn., 1994, p. 21. 

All persons should remain indoors, keeping windows and doors closed. All persons should minimize physical exertion and avoid traffic. 

In developing countries, priorities have often been different. Industrialization, water and food supply and sanitation, infrastructure improvements, and basic health care are often the focus of the leaders of a country. In some areas, the availability of a job is much more problematic than some consideration about the quality of the air in the workplace or the home. Many dwellings in developing countries do not have closable windows and doors, so the outdoor and indoor air quality issues are different. In some houses where cooking is done by firewood or charcoal, the air quality outdoors may be considerably better than that inside the smoky residence. 

ASTM E783-84. 1984. Standard Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 

An industrial hall is an indoor space that is enclosed by walls, ceiling, and floor. Such an enclosure is normally perforated by openings for supply and extract of ventilation air, pipes for industrial processes, and operable hatches, windows, and doors for regular or occasional use. 

Drafts from windows and doors can have speeds that exceed that through the face of the enclosure. This can be especially so where the makeup air does not balance the amount extracted by the endosure(s). Doors should be kept closed unless the room has been specifically designed to operate otherwise. 

Leaks in the building envelope, due to cracks in walls or joints, gaps in window and door frames... 

Buildings are ventilated mechanically with the ITVAC systems where it is a controlled process, as well as via air infiltration and through the openable windows and doors where it is largely an uncontrolled process. However, as discussed earlier, mechanical ventilation is one of the most energy-intensive methods of reducing indoor pollutant concentrations primarily because of the need to thermally condition air before it can be circulated inside the occupied spaces. It is estimated that the... 

Keep windows and doors closed during pollen season... 

The following areas of the bakery are treated with such a spray screens, the window and door jambs, areas of wall immediately adjacent to windows and doors, all walls up to a height of 3 feet, the corners and areas of the floor next to the wall to a distance of 3 feet from it, light cords, electrical switchboxes, connection boxes and electrical motors, space behind sinks, space below the floor joists and the basements, where the ends of the joist are sprayed for a distance of 2 feet from the wall, bottom of the storage skids, the lockers, be-... 

We use variants of profile extrusion to produce tubing -with diameters of less then 1 mm and pipes with diameters exceeding 1 m, Wall thicknesses can vary from a few tens of micrometers up to several centimeters. Extruded window and door frames are more complex than pipes. Such profiles are largely hollow with internal ribs and fins that reinforce and divide the interior into two or more channels. We use solid rubber profiles in applications such as door seals and windshield wipers. We can produce foamed extrudates by incorporating a blowing agent, such as butane or carbon dioxide, into the polymer in the molten state. As the polymer exits the die, its internal pressure drops and the dissolved gas expands to form bubbles within the product. Examples of foamed extrudates include pipe insulation and automobile door gaskets. 

We find polyvinyl chloride in so many applications because we can formulate it to be rigid, flexible, or any intermediate hardness required. Rigid polyvinyl chloride is used to manufacture siding, pipes, fences, gutters, window and door frames, credit cards, and many other extruded... 

A small residence can even act as a shield. An individual can turn off the air circulation system (or switch it to recirculation mode), and close vents, windows, and doors to create a barrier that will help prevent contaminated smoke or other airborne debris from entering the home. Because a building may not always be nearby in the event of a terrorist attack, shielding could be provided from another object such as a car (with the vents closed), a folded handkerchief over the nose and mouth, or any object that reduces the potential of exposure. The shield does not have to be sophisticated it only needs to be effective. 

Figure 12.6-3. Airflow patterns and pollutant distributions in site 2 apartment with windows and doors open when the prevailing wind is from (a) (b) north, (c) (d) east and (e) (f) west...

Foil Foil is a thin, fragile, lead-based metallic tape that is applied to glass windows and doors. The tape is applied to the window or door, and electric wiring connects this tape to a control panel. The tape functions as a conductor and completes the electric circuit with the control panel. When an intruder breaks the door or window, the fragile foil breaks, opening the circuit and triggering an alarm condition. 

The Windows and Doors Manufacturers Association has developed a series of performance attributes for doors. These include... 

Monolayer tubes, corrugated or multilayer pipes, spiral wound, small or large diameter... Siding consumes 15% of the PVC tot, with gutters, downspouts, boardings... Windows and doors consume 4% of the PVC total in shutters, architectural glazing systems, conservatory devices. .. 

Residential and non-residential glazing, window and door weather seals. .. Expansion joints, water-stops. .. 

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